<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<itemContainer xmlns="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd" uri="https://blackvirginia.richmond.edu/items/browse?sort_field=Dublin+Core%2CDate&amp;sort_dir=a&amp;page=2&amp;output=omeka-xml" accessDate="2026-09-15T06:11:40+00:00">
  <miscellaneousContainer>
    <pagination>
      <pageNumber>2</pageNumber>
      <perPage>10</perPage>
      <totalResults>1724</totalResults>
    </pagination>
  </miscellaneousContainer>
  <item itemId="71" public="1" featured="1">
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Student Name</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="911">
              <text>Carlos Serrano</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="53">
          <name>Summary</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="914">
              <text>A “Negro” man was wrongfully convicted by authorities and mistreated in prison.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Item Type</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="915">
              <text>Article</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Image</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="916">
              <text>No</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="28">
          <name>URL</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="919">
              <text>https://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&amp;d=RP18940127&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Topic</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="920">
              <text>Crime and Justice</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="57">
          <name>Times Repeated</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="921">
              <text/>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="5">
          <name>Transcription</name>
          <description>Any written text transcribed from a sound</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="922">
              <text>The case of Isaac Jenkins, who was beaten, banged and shot, yet walked thirteen miles into Norfolk is one of the most remarkable in the criminal annals ot this country.
His subsequent treatment presents a phase of human depravity and heartlessness that is startling in its proportions. We have seen Jenkins and are accordingly well advised as to his sufferings. 
He has been tried upon the charge of barn-burning and sequitted. He is now held upon the charge of poisoning horses and selling whiskey without a license.
 Is it possible that the prosecuting officer ls heartless or does his fidelity to duty extend in only one direction?
 What effort has been made to bring Isaac Jenkins' lynchers to justice ? The sheriff and commonwealth’s attorney of Nansemond Co. know well the ordeal through which this man, Jenkins has passed. They know of the nine wounds in his head, the abrasion around his neck, with the two bullet holes in the same. They know that he has never been in a hospital, was kept in a common jail, and subjected to all of the tortures which necessarily accompanies such treatment.
What have they done to bring Jenkins would be murderers to justice?
A felony has been committed in Nansemond Co. A citizen of that county has been treated worse than a brute and the law decrees that his assailant shall be sent to the Virginia penitentiary.
Is Commonwealth's Attorney Holland a Christian? Does he belong to that army that pays homage to the spotless character of the Lamb? Has he ever asked God to forgive his sins, or has he driven rough-shod over conscience, challenged destiny and taken his chances with the unforgiven minions of this sinful world?
Is Sheriff Baker a Christian? Has he felt the saving grace of the redeeming love, or does he too trust in might rather than right and fail to perform a duty in accordance with an oath, which is as solemn as the one taken at the masonic attar. Gentlemen, there is a day of reckoning. There is a time when the secrets of all hearts will be made manifest and that which you mete to Jenkins will be measured to you again. On with the torture! Continue to keep him confined behind prison doors even though he has suffered one death at the hands of the mob, but God will hold you responsible.
But a few more days and solemn dirges will be sung, a crowd of relatives will follow one or the other, possibly both of you to your long home. 
The falling of the clods upon your coffin will tell those left behind that there is no repentance beyond the grave. The memory of the fact that one prosecuted a helpless, defenseless, almost cowering man, essaying to put upon him further punishment when he had been trebly injured, and that the other failed to do his sworn duty in bringing his would-be murderers to justice will cause tears of regret to course down the cheeks of the loved ones left behind and a damning remorse to accompany your soul to the spirit land.
What will you do with Jenkins? And grant that your eyes may be opened to the injustice of existing conditions and that this helpless man may not be subjected to further persecution at the hands of those who should be his strongest protectors. Lynch-law must go!
</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="58">
          <name>Location</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="923">
              <text>Lower Right Quadrant</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="912">
                <text>18940127-Isaac Jenkins’ Case</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="913">
                <text>&lt;i&gt;Richmond Planet&lt;/i&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="917">
                <text>1894-01-27</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="918">
                <text>Isaac Jenkins’ Case</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="72" public="1" featured="1">
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Student Name</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="924">
              <text>Carlos Serrano</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="53">
          <name>Summary</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="927">
              <text>The Negro Democratic League of America pushes for President Cleveland to appoint a “Negro” to an office.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Item Type</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="928">
              <text>Article</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Image</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="929">
              <text>No</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="28">
          <name>URL</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="932">
              <text>https://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&amp;d=RP18940127&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Topic</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="933">
              <text>Government and Politics</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="57">
          <name>Times Repeated</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="934">
              <text/>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="5">
          <name>Transcription</name>
          <description>Any written text transcribed from a sound</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="935">
              <text>The Richmond, Va., Daily Times in its issue of the 20th inst. After quoting from the address the delegation of colored men, styling themselves the Negro Democratic League of America who visited Mr. Cleveland, asking him to again nominate colored men to three or more permanent position, with the office of Recordership of Deeds inclusive says:

“Prior to Mr. Cleveland’s first administration, the scoundrels who cursed the Southern States kept the Negroes constantly agitated with the fear that Democratic ascendancy in the nation meant a re enslavement of them. It was one of Mahone’s chief methods of holding the Negroes in a solid mass in the presidential election of 1884. Mr. Cleveland’s course in that administration showed the Negro that this sort of talk was the baldest nonsense, and it was the first event since the war that started the disintegration of the Negro party in the South.”

It further says:

“The President listened attentively and in reply said that he had in no measure changed his policy in relation to the proper recognition of the Negro race for the selection of men for office. He said he had not been disconcerted or turned away from his purpose by the rejection of Astwood's nomination to be [unitelligent] to Calais, or by the failure of the [unintelligent’ to take action on the appointment [unitelligent] as minister to Bolivia [unintelligent] had asked him to appoint [unitelligent] recorder of deeds for the District of Columbia, and, while not implying directly to that request, his general remarks were taken as being indicative of a favorable leaving in that direction.”

But, sir, the bourbon Negro-hating Democratic whites did more to emphasize these assertions than ever did the “scoundrels” or Gen. Mahone ever did. They abused, maltreated and threatened us. The Daily Times does not think a colored man should be appointed Recorder of Deeds, although ex-Senator B. k. Bruce, a colored man occupies that position now. We however agree with the following:

“But Mr. Cleveland is rendering the South as immense service in his general policy towards the Negro, for as the Negro comes to understand who his real friends are, the solid Negro party will be dissolved and become a thing of the past if it is not already so.”

But, sir, the position you endorse is giving the Negro-haters the gripes and the Dispatch, the epizooty:- How could you all be so cruel?</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="58">
          <name>Location</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="936">
              <text>Lower Right Quadrant</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="925">
                <text>18940127-Mr. Cleveland and his Negro Appointees</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="926">
                <text>&lt;i&gt;Richmond Planet&lt;/i&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="930">
                <text>1894-01-27</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="931">
                <text>Mr. Cleveland and his Negro Appointees</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="1602" public="1" featured="1">
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Student Name</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19592">
              <text>Carlos Serrano</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="53">
          <name>Summary</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19595">
              <text>A black man is held accountable for his attempted lynching at his home.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Item Type</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19596">
              <text>Article</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Image</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19597">
              <text>No</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="28">
          <name>URL</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19600">
              <text>https://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&amp;d=RP18940203&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Topic</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19601">
              <text>Lynching</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="57">
          <name>Times Repeated</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19602">
              <text/>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="5">
          <name>Transcription</name>
          <description>Any written text transcribed from a sound</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19603">
              <text>Baton Rouge, Jan 19- At Laurel Hill, West Felicians parish, a Negro was arrested several days ago for larceny. He was arraigned and the case resulted in a mistrial. Constable Roberts, the Wailes brothers and several others went to the Negro’s house for the purpose of whipping Jim. When they reached the house, they were met by the Negro, who was armed with a shotgun. The Negro opened fire on the party, killing Joe Roberts and seriously wounding Charles Reid, Jr., son of the owner of the plantation. The Negro then jumped through a rear window and fled. He was fired on as he ran and wounded. He was caught and strung up to a limb. It is also reported that the Wailes brothers were wounded. -Time Democrat.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="58">
          <name>Location</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19604">
              <text>Upper Right Quadrant</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="19593">
                <text>A Colored Man Defends his Home</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="19594">
                <text>&lt;i&gt;Richmond Planet&lt;/i&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="19598">
                <text>1894-02-03</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="19599">
                <text>A Colored Man Defends his Home</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="1606" public="1" featured="1">
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Student Name</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19644">
              <text>Carlos Serrano</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="53">
          <name>Summary</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19647">
              <text>A diplomat of the United States refuses to meet with the President of the new nation of Haiti.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Item Type</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19648">
              <text>Article</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Image</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19649">
              <text>No</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="28">
          <name>URL</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19652">
              <text>https://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&amp;d=RP18940203&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Topic</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19653">
              <text>Government and Politics</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="57">
          <name>Times Repeated</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19654">
              <text/>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="5">
          <name>Transcription</name>
          <description>Any written text transcribed from a sound</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19655">
              <text>
It is reported that Hon. Henry M. Smythe, of graham, Va., who was sent by President Cleveland as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary Minister to Hayti had rendered himself unacceptable to that government by his meddling with the methods in vogue there, and making recommendation before he was asked to do so.
 
The possibility that Mr. Smythe will be recalled and allowed to again enjoy himself in the backwoods of the mountainous lands of Virginia.
 
It will be remembered that Afro-American representatives to this black republic were said to have been lacking in the essential qualities necessary to complete diplomatic success, and that white men should be sent there, as they could command more respect and secure concessions to this government which could not be obtained by an Afro-American representative. 
 
The opinion was not doubt due to the feeling of awe which exists in some portions of the South among the colored people when they come in contact with members of the white race. 
 
But the Haitians are educated in France, along with white men. From an educational or a diplomatic standpoint, Minister Smythe is their inferior.
 
If the reports given out of his actions are true, he has been guilty of the most flagrant abuse of diplomatic etiquette and is even now no doubt the laughing stock of the representatives in the foreign legations.
 
He no doubt regards the representatives of the government of the government to which he is accredited as negroes on a level with those he had been accustomed to meet in the United States.
 
As a matter of fact, they have made him appear ridiculous, and may wind up his career of pomposity by giving him passports and this sending him home.
 
Unless he is certain of being sent somewhere else he won’t want to come since dollars bearing the government stamp are scarce in the neighborhood of Graham, Va., and business at its lowest ebb.
 
We see it announced that he declines to accepts an invitation to dine with the black President, and talk the matter over. 
 
This was a serious breach of diplomatic etiquette. Possibly President Hippolyte did not know that a southerner would consider it an insult to be invited to dine with a Negro, and would resent with a shotgun, the attempt of a Negro to dine with him.
 
Possibly Mr. Smythe carried these notions with him to Haiti. But what has become of his scheme to secure the mole St. Nicholas as a coaling station for United States vessel? It was declared that a white man could secure this coveted spot for the purpose set forth.
 
Another theory has been exploded and it is now announced that President Cleveland has not hesitated to declare that his appointment of Mr.Smythe was a mistake. And so his last charge against Negro representatives has been exploded...
</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="58">
          <name>Location</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19656">
              <text>Upper Right Quadrant</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="19645">
                <text>Another Diplomatic Blunderer</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="19646">
                <text>&lt;i&gt;Richmond Planet&lt;/i&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="19650">
                <text>1894-02-03</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="19651">
                <text>Another Diplomatic Blunderer</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="1610" public="1" featured="1">
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Student Name</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19696">
              <text>Carlos Serrano</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="53">
          <name>Summary</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19699">
              <text>A quick summary of the 1892-1893 school year for the state of Virginia, which shows a slow greater improvement of education of black children.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Item Type</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19700">
              <text>Article</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Image</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19701">
              <text>No</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="28">
          <name>URL</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19704">
              <text>https://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&amp;d=RP18940203.1.2&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Topic</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19705">
              <text>Church, School, and Organizations</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="57">
          <name>Times Repeated</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19706">
              <text/>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="5">
          <name>Transcription</name>
          <description>Any written text transcribed from a sound</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19707">
              <text>We have received the biennial report of Hon. John E. Massey, Superintendent of Public Instruction of the Commonwealth of Virginia with accompanying documents for the school years 1891-’92 and ‘92-’93. It is an excellent report and shows a careful compilation of statistics as well as a thorough understanding of the duties of the office. 
 
The enrollment of pupils for the year 1893 was white, 227,696; colored, 120,775. The average number of months taught in the entire state is six. The number of pupils supplied with textbooks at public expense for ‘93 were white, 4,683; colored, 3,666. The cost of tuitions per month of each pupil enrolled for 1893 were 65 cents. 
 
The total cost of the system for ‘93 was $1,604,152.10… Superintendent Massey says:
 
“The statistical summaries indicate that, as regard the essential elements of growth, the past year is without parallel in the history of the school system.”
 
The increase is revenue has been $78,011.50. Increase in number of schools, white, 103; colored, 30. Increases in number of pupils in attendance, white, 6.853; colored, 1,264. Increase in number of teachers employed, white 116; colored, 23. Increase in total expenditure, $107,692.17. The Superintendent remarks:
 
“The total enrollment of pupils for ‘93 is the largest recorded for any year since the establishment of the schools. The enrollment for 1892 fell behind that of any one of the three years preceding. With the single exception of the year 1892, the single exception of the year 1893, there has been a steady gain in the enrollment of white pupils. The enrollment of colored pupils for ‘92 fell behind that of any one of the four years preceding. While in 1893 there was a gain of about four thousand colored pupils, in comparison with 1892, the number of colored pupils enrolled for 1893 was less than the number of enrolled for either 1890 or 1891. Reports show that the enrollment of colored pupils was largest for the year 1891.
 
The total average daily attendance for 1893 is the largest recorded in the history of our schools. WIth the exception of the year 1892, there has been a steady gain in the attendance of white pupils. The attendance of colored pupils for 1893, while exceeding that for 1892 by about twelve hundred (1,200), is less than that reported for any other year since 1888. The largest attendance for colored pupils was reported for the year 1890.
 
I am not sure that I can give the cause of the falling off in total enrollment and attendance for 1892, or of the loss in enrollment and attendance of colored pupils for several years past. The former is probably due to protracted periods of severe weather and the prevalence of contagious diseases, which cause, together with the condition of the colored people in some sections, probably [unintelligent]”
 
He advocates an increase in the appropriations for school purposes and suggests that this might be secured by a larger local taxation. 
His plea for living salaries for teachers as well as the securing of competent instructors is commendable. The increase of pay will go a long ways in securing this class of material. The Peabody Appropriation for Virginia is nearly $300,000.
 
The plan for a uniform examination for teachers certificated does not seem to have met with general favor although Superintendent Massey believed that a more vigorous enforcement of its provisions will result in the removal of the objections against it,
 
He announces that the Board of Public Instruction has authorized the issuance of a life certificate as well as a professional [seven years] certificate to persons of good moral character, who have complied with the provisions. There were 57 counties and cities that delayed the payment of the teachers’ salaries. He pays a tribute to the late Gen. S. C. Armstrong, principal of the Hampton, Normal and Agricultural Institute
 
Superintendent Massey seems to fully comprehend the scope of his work. 
 
We observe no reference to the wild-cat theories and worn-out dogmas which characterized his earlier public utterances soon after his induction into office.
 
He has the energy, ability, and perseverance to make a most efficient officer, and his report shows that all of these qualities have been brought into play in the discharging of the duties of office along with which goes the preparation of this most creditable report.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="58">
          <name>Location</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19708">
              <text>Upper Right Quadrant</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="19697">
                <text>Superintendent Massey's Report</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="19698">
                <text>&lt;i&gt;Richmond Planet&lt;/i&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="19702">
                <text>1894-02-03</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="19703">
                <text>Superintendent Massey's Report</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="1611" public="1" featured="1">
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Student Name</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19709">
              <text>Carlos Serrano</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="53">
          <name>Summary</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19712">
              <text>A new lynch law that is supposed to reduce the number of lynchings faces various critiques over its ineffectiveness..</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Item Type</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19713">
              <text>Article</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Image</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19714">
              <text>No</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="28">
          <name>URL</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19717">
              <text>https://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&amp;d=RP18940203&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Topic</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19718">
              <text>Lynching</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="57">
          <name>Times Repeated</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19719">
              <text/>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="5">
          <name>Transcription</name>
          <description>Any written text transcribed from a sound</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19720">
              <text>Perhaps this is best time to call the attention of our readers to the law passed by the last Legislature in regard to Lynching.
 
It provides that every person, who shall conspire to break in, or shall break in jail to injure any prisoner, shall upon conviction e sent to the penitentiary for not less than two nor more than fifteen years.
 
When such crimes has been committed, the Solicitor must proceed to the County of the crime and begin a prompt investigation. Those accused shall be bound over to the next Superior Court of some adjoining County, and there they shall be tried. No one is excused from answering on the ground that his answer would criminate himself.
 
For such investigations the Solicitor shall receive $100 and that as all other cost shall be paid by the County, in which the crime occurred. If the parties are convicted, then all costs must be paid by them.
 
Captain E. S. Parker, our able Solicitor, writes urging the people against violence, but saving in such case he would be compelled to do his duty regardless of consequence.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="58">
          <name>Location</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19721">
              <text>Upper Right Quadrant</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="19710">
                <text>The Law of 1898 Against Lynching</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="19711">
                <text>&lt;i&gt;Richmond Planet&lt;/i&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="19715">
                <text>1894-02-03</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="19716">
                <text>The Law of 1898 Against Lynching</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="1603" public="1" featured="1">
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Student Name</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19605">
              <text>Carlos Serrano</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="53">
          <name>Summary</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19608">
              <text>A white man wearing black face attacks a white man in his home.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Item Type</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19609">
              <text>Article</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Image</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19610">
              <text>No</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="28">
          <name>URL</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19613">
              <text>https://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&amp;d=RP18940210&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Topic</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19614">
              <text>Lynching</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="57">
          <name>Times Repeated</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19615">
              <text/>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="5">
          <name>Transcription</name>
          <description>Any written text transcribed from a sound</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19616">
              <text>That Negroes have been hanged for crimes committed by white men with blackened faces hardly admits of a question. Here is a case in point demonstrating the depravity of some of the whites in the Southland: 
“Morgantown, GA, Jan 29 - U.P- 
 A sensational story has been received from Union-co. Tax-collector Jones, who lives in the wilds of Cooper’s creek, returned, on Saturday, from a tour of the county, collecting taxes. In the evening, a peddler well known in that locality, stopped at his house, asked for lodging and was taken in.
After supper Jones went out to look after his cattle. While he was gone, a disreputable looking Negro knocked at the front door, and when it was opened stuck two pistols into the faces of the peddler and Mrs. Jones. He first demanded the peddler’s money, and getting that made mrs. Jones bring the tax money.
 As he got it he turned out, when the peddler quickly drew a pistol and firing, stuck the robber in the head, killing him instantly. It was then discovered that the would be robber was none other than the tax collector himself, blacked up.”
All that was necessary for this white man to do was to give some innocent Negro some article which he had secured when he made the robbery. This would have been regarded as sufficient evidence of guilt and the colored man no doubt would have been lynched without being allowed the privilege of even proving his innocence.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="58">
          <name>Location</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19617">
              <text>Upper Right Quadrant</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="19606">
                <text>A Negro White Man</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="19607">
                <text>&lt;i&gt;Richmond Planet&lt;/i&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="19611">
                <text>1894-02-10</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="19612">
                <text>A Negro White Man</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="1604" public="1" featured="1">
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Student Name</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19618">
              <text>Carlos Serrano</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="53">
          <name>Summary</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19621">
              <text>Governor O'Ferrall pardons a lyncher, claiming his actions did not merit the punishment he had received, which was a year in jail.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Item Type</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19622">
              <text>Article</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Image</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19623">
              <text>No</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="28">
          <name>URL</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19626">
              <text>https://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&amp;d=RP18940210&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Topic</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19627">
              <text>Lynching</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="57">
          <name>Times Repeated</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19628">
              <text/>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="5">
          <name>Transcription</name>
          <description>Any written text transcribed from a sound</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19629">
              <text>The action of Gov. Charles T. O’Ferrall in pardoning james B. Richardson, one of the Roanoke lynchers will neither merit nor receive public approval.
This criminal was sentenced to twelve months in jail and fined one hundred dollars.
The Governor reduces it to twenty-four hours in jail upon the condition that he pay the fine,
The was the method in vogue during Gov. McKinney’s “reign” and we had hoped that the conditional pardon had gone never to return.
It is alleged that the application for pardon was signed by four hundred “prominent citizens” of Roanoke.
If there was ever a good reason for not pardoning the convicted criminal this was one.
Here is a city where public sentiment was so treacherous that its patriotic mayor had to seek an asylum in another locality.
The majority were in favor of the lawless, and yet these same citizens possibly some of them as guilty as this man Richardson sign a petition for pardon and it is favorably acted upon.
It was openly declared by the press of the state that the punishment meted for the crime committed was entirely inadequate.
The lynching and the storming of the jail at Roanoke last September were the most treasonable acts that have been committed in this state during this generation.
It was an open defiance of the law and the only question which should have, in our judgement presented itself to our Chief Executive was whether or not Patterson was guilty or innocent.
He was guilty of felony and should have been sentenced to the penitentiary. The jury virtually exercised the element which should have been left to the [unintelligent] when they made the punishment so light. There should have been nothing more done. We feel certain that lynchers all over the state will regard this official act as a condoning of the crime and believe that similar favors will be extended them should they be convicted of having been guilty of a similar crime.
Lunch-law must go!</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="58">
          <name>Location</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19630">
              <text>Upper Right Quadrant</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="19619">
                <text>A Roanoke Lyncher Pardoned</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="19620">
                <text>&lt;i&gt;Richmond Planet&lt;/i&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="19624">
                <text>1894-02-10</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="19625">
                <text>A Roanoke Lyncher Pardoned</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="1607" public="1" featured="1">
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Student Name</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19657">
              <text>Carlos Serrano</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="53">
          <name>Summary</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19660">
              <text>The Planet poses questions regarding the fairness of elections in the Richmond area.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Item Type</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19661">
              <text>Article</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Image</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19662">
              <text>No</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="28">
          <name>URL</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19665">
              <text>https://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&amp;d=RP18940210&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Topic</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19666">
              <text>Voting</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="57">
          <name>Times Repeated</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19667">
              <text/>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="5">
          <name>Transcription</name>
          <description>Any written text transcribed from a sound</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19668">
              <text>The Richmond, Va., Daily Times, a liberal Democratic journal has been faithfully endeavoring to lead the party with which it is identified back to the true principles of Democracy.
It attacked that cancerous growth-dishonest elections and no surgeon has ever essayed to locate and advise as to the removal of the same with more precision and fidelity than has this champion of truth and justice.
When the allegations was made that political rings controlled the state and that whereas when the Republican party was active Negroes were cheated, but since its retirement from the field outspoken and independent white men were cheated as well, the Chairman of the State Democratic Committee professed ignorance and the Richmond, Va., Dispatch was stone-blind.
It was openly stated that the charges must be substantiated by facts. Well in the Daily Times on the 4th inst., these facts are produced. With what success the reader may judge from the editorial utterances of this journal.
“The exposure we make this morning of what took place at Smithers’ store precinct, in Henrico county, as the election on November 7,1893, should make every citizen of Virginia pause and ask himself earnestly and seriously if he has any voice in his government at all as matters now stand. Three hundred and fifty voted were all that were cast at this precinct and yet the election officers recorded six hundred and eleven and that by the most open and barefaced methods of stuffing the ballot box. So bold had successful fraud made them that they neglected the most ordinary precautions of covering up their tracks. The copying of “blocks of five” from the registration book is perhaps the most open and barefaced fraud that was ever attempted before under similar circumstances. By this method, a precinct which had never before given more than one hundred and seventy seven democratic votes in an honest election was made to give four hundred and ninety-eight Democratic votes. It could just as easily have been made to give one thousand if they had been needed.”
And again
“This thing could not have happened without the connivance of all the election officers at that precinct. It is, therefore, to be considered as of and belonging to our election system. A system which makes those who have exclusive control of the elections a board of partisans, all of one party, to hold their meetings in secret, keep no records and be accountable to no one, must of course work it way by degrees to elections like that held at Smith's.
The Times has uncovered what was done at this precinct by its own unaided efforts. It was of course at a great disadvantage from having to pick up its information here and there and wherever it could find an item. It had no power to compel the attendance of witnesses to give evidence. If it had this power it had not the slightest doubt that it could show that a state of affairs similar to that at Smithers exists in almost every, if not every, Negro county.”
What will the people of Virginia say to this? How do they like the situation? But the Daily Times propounds a few questions and answers them. Here they are: 
“The Dispatch has repeatedly taunted the Times with the question ‘Why do you not go with your allegations of fraud before the grand juries?’ We have now proved fraud. What does the Dis;atch think will b done? We can tell it. Nothing. It is very doubtful whether the grand Jury indicts any one. But if it does here will be no conviction. Men cannot be expected to be better than their laws. The Anderson-McCormick law was understood by the people to be intended to be a shelter for cheating in elections. It had demoralized a great part of the moral sense of the people and they look on at the frauds that are perpetrated in elections with a shrug of the shoulder and inward thanks that their election troubles are ended.
But are they ended? Is it any relief to escape Negro rule to fall under the absolute and autocratic rule of a ring of election thieves and ballot-box stuffers? 
What is the use of any citizen voting again? His vote is not counted unless it suits the election officers to count it. What part then has the citizen in his government. None, absolutely none. He had just as well stay at home as go to the polls. The result is the same in either case.”
 
Ah, the white men of Virginia, in order to protect themselves against fraud and thievery must protect us.
Here is the practical demonstration of a principle which is as old as time and as unvarying as the Almighty.
May the christian people rally and the masses see that it is absolutely essential to the life of free government that honesty be again enthroned...</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="58">
          <name>Location</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19669">
              <text>Lower Left Quadrant</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="19658">
                <text>Are Our Elections Honest?</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="19659">
                <text>&lt;i&gt;Richmond Planet&lt;/i&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="19663">
                <text>1894-02-10</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="19664">
                <text>Are Our Elections Honest?</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="1609" public="1" featured="1">
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Student Name</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19683">
              <text>Carlos Serrano</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="53">
          <name>Summary</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19686">
              <text>A black man in Georgia is skinned alive near his own home.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Item Type</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19687">
              <text>Article</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Image</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19688">
              <text>No</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="28">
          <name>URL</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19691">
              <text>https://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&amp;d=RP18940217&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Topic</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19692">
              <text>Lynching</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="57">
          <name>Times Repeated</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19693">
              <text/>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="5">
          <name>Transcription</name>
          <description>Any written text transcribed from a sound</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19694">
              <text>The following telegraphic report explains itself and tells in no uncertain language of the awful situation of affairs in this benighted southland:
“Washington DC, Feb 10- A special to the Post from Athens, GA says: Whitecaps in Oglethorpe county went to the house of a Negro man named Collins last night, and calling him out, seized him and carried him off. They tied him to a tree and literally flayed him alive. The negro died this morning. The authorities have no clue as to the perpetrators, but are hunting for them. The charge against Collins was that he had been enticing away servants.
 
There is no charge of rape, no allegation of murder. It is simply stated that he enticed away servants.
What will the Governor of Georgia do in this matter. He saw fit to mass troops upon the boundary line of that state to prevent a prize-fight. What will he do with the murderers of this man?
It was a terrible death to die. The groans of the victim as he was bruised and beaten, the pleadings which fell upon deaf ears gave a faint idea of the torture to which he was subjected.
Colored men must protect themselves and each other. When this is done, such occurrences as the one cited will be few and far between.
Lynch law must go!</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="58">
          <name>Location</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19695">
              <text>Upper Right Quadrant</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="19684">
                <text>Flayed Alive</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="19685">
                <text>&lt;i&gt;Richmond Planet&lt;/i&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="19689">
                <text>1894-02-17</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="19690">
                <text>Flayed Alive</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
