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              <text>Elizabeth Lopez-Lopez</text>
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              <text>A black man, his “white daughter-in-law,” and son are receiving $1000 “for personal injuries sustained at the hands of a mob of whites,” after the “Smith anti-lynching law” is implemented.</text>
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              <text>https://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&amp;d=RP19001124.1.1&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------</text>
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              <text>$1000 Damages
The Smith Anti-Lynching Law Works.
Bellefontaine, O.—Edward Jackson has secured a verdict of $1000 against the Logan county commissioners, under Hon. Harry C. Smith’s anti-lynching law, for personal injuries sustained at the hands of a mob of whites brutes in West Liberty in November, 1899, when he and Nellie Jackson, his white daughter-in-law, and David Rickman, were taken from jail, tarred and feathered, ducked in a pond and beaten with clubs and made to walk eight miles without clothing. All brought suit, but the only one has been tried. Jackson is 70 years of age. He and Rickman are Afro-Americans, the former being fairly well-to-do.</text>
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              <text>Upper Right Quadrant</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="16110">
                <text>&lt;i&gt;Richmond Planet&lt;/i&gt;</text>
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                <text>1900-11-24</text>
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                <text>$1000 Damages</text>
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  <item itemId="563" public="1" featured="1">
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      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
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          <name>Student Name</name>
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              <text>Emma Alvarez</text>
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              <text>500 foreigners are “invited” to watch Felix Radzius, a Polish man, get hanged for his murder of a woman and her child.</text>
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              <text>https://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&amp;d=RP19080530&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------</text>
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              <text>Lynching</text>
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              <text>Pottsville, Pa., May 27.-- In order that they may go among their countrymen and impress upon them the enormity of the crime of murder and the punishment that the law of this country calls for, 500 Slavs, Hungarians, Poles, Italians, Russians, Lithuanians, and other foreigners were invited to attend the execution here of Felix Razius, a young Pole, convicted of the murder of a woman and her child at Shenandoah six months ago. The hanging took place in the yard  of the Schuylkill county prison. The execution was not a public one in the sense that every one who went to the jail was admitted, but the sheriff was quite liberal in the distribution of tickets, and the foreigners, who were all eager to see the hanging, took all they could get, and long before the time set for the opening of the jail gates, they swarmed about the place. The idea of having present representatives of the various foreign elements in this section of the coal region originated with Sheriff Clay Evans, who thought the story of the execution, as told from the lips of the foreigners, would have a salutary effect in curbing the murderous tendency of some of the lawless element. Just before the march to the scaffold Radzius made a complete confession of the Shenandoah murders and confirmed the information the police had that he had been guilty of committing a murder in Russian Poland. Radzius said he killed a man in his old home three years ago and that he fled to this country to avoid arrest. He appeared to be greatly relieved after admitting his crimes and walked with a firm step between two priests to his death. As the prisoner stepped into the yard there was a stir and a buzz of talk that made him start slightly and he glanced hurriedly over the big throng that hemmed him in, he gave no sign of recognition to any, however, as he walked through walls of humanity to the gallows...</text>
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                <text>May15-500 See Man Hanged</text>
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                <text>&lt;i&gt;Richmond Planet&lt;/i&gt;</text>
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                <text>1908-05-30</text>
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                <text>500 See Man Hanged</text>
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              <text>Emma Alvarez</text>
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              <text>After allegedly murdering two police officers, three black men are brutally beaten and lynched by a mob minutes after their trial ends. 
</text>
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              <text>No</text>
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              <text>https://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&amp;d=RP19081128&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------</text>
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              <text>Union City, Tenn., Nove. 25. - Tiptonville, bordering on Reeifoot lake, which recently has been the scene of many stirring incidents, witnessed the “legalized” lynching of three negroes who were arrested for murdering on Sunday Special Deputy Sheriff Richard Burruss and wounding John Hall, a deputy sheriff. The execution of the negroes was given a semblance of legality by a hurried “trial,” arranged with the understanding that the men would be condemned to death as soon as the “trial” was over. The negroes lynched were Marshall Edward and James Stineback. These brothers created a disturbance at a religious meeting near Tiptonville on Saturday night. When Officers Burruss and Hall attempted to arrest them the negroes shot the officer and escaped. It was barely daylight Sunday morning before a posse of citizens from Tiptonville and surrounding towns were in pursuit of the negroes, but the trio eluded the pursuers until Thursday, when they were surrounded and captured in a swamp near Ridgely. The negroes, covered by a hundred guns, were quickly placed in jail at Tiptonville. The negroes when arrested had two guns, but were out of ammunition. The news of the capture spread rapidly, and in addition to the several hundred captors men began arriving by every road. Soon the jail was surrounded by a mob which had no hesitancy in threatening a lynching. Prominent citizens begge the mob to let the law take its course and promised that full justice would be done the three black men. The mob, however, was restless and it was apparent that delay would not be brooked. As a last resort, S.J. Caldwell and Sheriff Haynes went before Justice Lee Davis and explained the situation. Justice Davis at once agreed to “open court,” “summon a jury” and allow the negroes, after “all available evidence” was heard, to be “duly sentenced to death.” Meantime Governor Patterson was advised by telephone of the situation, and he ordered a company of militia to proceed from Union City with all haste to Tiptonville, seize the three negroes and conduct them to a place of safety. The troops started at once, but failed to arrive in time to prevent the lynching. At the “trial” all of the evidence of those who had seen the killing was heard and in an incredibly short time the “case” was given to the “jury,” which in a few minutes “returned a verdict of guilty” and “fixed the penalty at death.” The “sentence” had barely been passed on the three negroes, when the mob, with a whoop and a yell, swarmed into the courtroom, seized the prisoners, rushed them to a large tree near the edge of town and “duly executed the sentence of death” by hanging them, firing volley after volley into the air as the bodies were drawn up from the earth.</text>
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                <text>Nov10 1908</text>
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                <text>1908-11-28</text>
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                <text>A "Legalized" Triple Lynching</text>
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              <text>Megan Brooks</text>
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              <text>The Planet suggests “if Virginia proposes to permit the execution of children, it would be well for the world to know it” after color boy is killed without trial. </text>
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              <text>https://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&amp;d=RP19040813.1.4&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------</text>
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              <text>Lynching</text>
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              <text>Andrew Dudley, a colored boy who said to have been fourteen years of age, but is alleged by some people to have been about nine years of age was taken from the constable at Afton, Va., Thursday, August 4th and lynched. 
He was charged with having attempted to criminally assault two little white girls, near greenfield, nelson county, Va. The report states that he struck the small girl, named Dameron, when she ran crying to Mrs. Mclain. In absence of this one, he attempted to assault the other one, Bloomer McLain, nine years of age. The girl’s mother arrived during the altercation. The white children were not injured.
The lynching was without palliation or excuse and men guilty of this murder should be apprehended and punished. If Virginia proposes to permit the execution of children, it would be well for the world to know it. 
It was murder-cold-blooded and premeditated. It is now reported that the colored people in that section are much aroused and are making threats. This will do no good and may cause much harm.Talk is cheap. It is action that counts. If the lynchers are known, secure warrants for their arrest and put them to the expense and trouble of being charged with and tried for murder. 
Men, who would hang an irresponsible boy, without  trial and in violation of the law of the land, are guilty of murder in the first degree and should be themselves hanged and the accessories to the crime should be given a long term in the penitentiary. 
The case is a sad one. Nothing is said about Dudley's parents or of his opportunities or of his training. He was brutally murdered and silence reigns in the neighborhood. 
The fault is with the officer, who failed to protect his prisoner and with the murderers, who lynched him. 
The guilty parties are known to the officers of the law. The Common wealth's Attorney should do his duty and the machinery of the law should lie put in motion to the end that none of the guilty men shall escape punishment.
Lynch-law must go!</text>
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                <text>A Boy Lynched</text>
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                <text>1904-08-13</text>
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              <text>Carlos Serrano</text>
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              <text>A black man is held accountable for his attempted lynching at his home.</text>
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              <text>Baton Rouge, Jan 19- At Laurel Hill, West Felicians parish, a Negro was arrested several days ago for larceny. He was arraigned and the case resulted in a mistrial. Constable Roberts, the Wailes brothers and several others went to the Negro’s house for the purpose of whipping Jim. When they reached the house, they were met by the Negro, who was armed with a shotgun. The Negro opened fire on the party, killing Joe Roberts and seriously wounding Charles Reid, Jr., son of the owner of the plantation. The Negro then jumped through a rear window and fled. He was fired on as he ran and wounded. He was caught and strung up to a limb. It is also reported that the Wailes brothers were wounded. -Time Democrat.</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="17603">
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              <text>A mob of black men take a black man from jail with no resistance and lynch him before he is able to go on trial.</text>
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              <text>No</text>
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          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="17611">
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              <text>Springfield, Ky., Aug. 26 – A mob composed of about a dozen colored men took Harrison Lewis (colored) from the jail here last night, and handed him to a tree in the court-house yard. About 11 o’clock they attacked the jail, and demanded the keys of Jailer Smith, who, having been warned of their approach escaped out of the back door with the keys. The mob, nothing daunted, repaired to a neighboring blacksmith shop, procured a sledgehammer and other tools, and began battering down the doors. It took three hours hard work to reach their victim, but their determination never wavered in the least, and promptly at 2 o’clock this morning he was hanged.
	No resistance was offered the mob, and quite a number of people were on the street while they were at work but were afraid to interfere. The crime for which Lewis was lynched was most cowardly murder. Last Friday night he went to the house of Joe Brooks, also colored, looking for another Negro, on account of his (Lewis’) paramour. Brooks told him that his man was not there, whereupon Lewis fired upon Brooks with a shotgun, killing him instantly.</text>
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                <text>18950831-A Colored Man Lynched-Fox</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="17609">
                <text>1895-08-31</text>
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                <text>A Colored Man Lynched </text>
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              <text>Carlos Serrano</text>
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              <text>A man, who is accused of outraging a white woman, is lynched upon his arrival into town.</text>
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              <text>August 9th, 1893, James Johnson, colored, is alleged to have outraged Mrs. Stella King, of this place. He was captured in St. Louis and brought hers last night. The news of his coming preceded him and from the train by a mob and hanged. His body was filled with bullets.</text>
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              <text>Brian Schrott</text>
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              <text>A black preacher, charged with assault, is lynched in Scottsboro, Alabama.</text>
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              <text>https://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&amp;d=RP18970327.1.2&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------</text>
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              <text>Scottsboro, ALA., March 18– John Smith, a colored preacher, was shot to death by a mob, which broke into the jail here. Smith was arrested yesterday charged with assaulting the wife of a white farmer living near here. This morning a mob broke into the jail, and, despite the pleadings of the preacher, filled him full of bullets.</text>
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                <text>18970327-A Colored Preacher Lynched</text>
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                <text>&lt;i&gt;Richmond Planet&lt;/i&gt;</text>
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                <text>1897-03-27</text>
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        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Student Name</name>
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              <text>Carlos Serrano</text>
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              <text>A group of white men kill a black man after he refuses them entry into his home.</text>
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              <text>No</text>
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          <name>URL</name>
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              <text>https://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&amp;d=RP18940519&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------</text>
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              <text>Lynching</text>
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              <text>The following accounts will give an idea of the situation of Affairs in the South.
 
“At Gate City, VA last night a band of 11 masked men, terming themselves “regulators,” started out ostensibly for the purpose of ridding the town of the inmates of a house of ill repute. The women had been warned and we're anticipating trouble. For this reason they were not in the house when the Raiders expected to find them. They proceeded in search of the women, having entered two or three houses in the suburbs. Coming to the house of Samuel Wood, an inoffensive colored man, they were refuse admittance. The leader ordered the band to fire upon the house. The men were armed with Winchester rifles and revolvers, and about 30 shots were fired through the door of the cottage, killing would instantly. His wife and children remained in bed and escaped death. 3 of the men are under arrest. They are Jack Downey, RT Potter, and George Car. Downey and Potter have heretofore been regarded as Peaceable citizens. The remainder of the andg are hiding in the neighboring mountains.”
What think the white man of the country of this? what have colored meant to say about it? 
Think you that anyone of that band of murderers will be punished?We shall see. The only fault with poor Samuel would was that he was 2 Peaceable. Alone with his family in his cabin during the silence hours of the night he hears a hammering app on the door reinforced by the sound of angry voices. A demand is made for him to throw white the portals of his humble</text>
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              <text>Lower Right Quadrant</text>
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                <text>A Cowardly Murder</text>
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                <text>&lt;i&gt;Richmond Planet&lt;/i&gt;</text>
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                <text>1894-05-19</text>
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                <text>A Cowardly Murder</text>
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          <name>Student Name</name>
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              <text>Brooke Royer</text>
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          <name>Summary</name>
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            <elementText elementTextId="810">
              <text>Two white men wildly accused black men of stealing their hogs without proof, immediately attempting to arrest and kill them. Suddenly one of the black men shoots the white man. They hang three random black men without confirmation that they were the ones who committed the crime. </text>
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              <text>Lynching</text>
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              <text>Two more colored men were offered up to the fiendish brutality of Judge Lynch last week.
The telegraphic report bears date of the Jan. 27. It seems that G.N. Grant, and a white man named McKay were out hunting when they came upon some colored men cleaning hogs in Carroll Parish, Louisiana.
Grant claimed that the hogs belonged to him. It has never been explained how he could tell his hogs from any body else’s or whether he could recognize them even if turned inside out or outside in.
Any way, he claimed the hogs as his property without even counting his hogs beforehand to see if any were missing. To charge men with stealing without having evidence of it was bad enough; but he attempted to arrest them without a shadow of the authority of the law.
It is evident that he was about to shoot them. Be this as it may, the colored brother was two quick for him, firing first, the bullet lodging in the brain.
McKay quickly disappeared and aroused the white people in the neighborhood, who formed a lynching party and succeeded in capturing three colored men.
As to whether any of them were the ones who shot Grant and killed him, deponent sayeth not.
They proceeded to hang two of them, while no doubt the colored brother who did the shooting is even now going in another direction as fast as his legs can carry him.
This is the idea of justice now prevailing in this benighted section. It is a virtual announcement that there can be no self-defense as between a white and a colored person when the former loses his life in the deadly duel.
Three lives are offered up for a few hogs, thus placing a value upon the four-legged animals all out of proportion to the market prices now prevailing. 
The sacrifice of two colored men and the loss of one white one may result a better state of feeling.
Certain it is, that hog-owners will be more careful in identifying property in the hands of colored men.
They will exercise caution in dealing with colored men, realizing that continued oppression and submission to oppression leads at times to a desperation, the exercise of which causes the colored man to set no value upon his own life and care still less for the life of the man whom he is attacking.
Lynch-law must go!</text>
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              <text>Lower Left Quadrant</text>
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                <text>19020201-A Double Lynching-Royer</text>
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                <text>&lt;i&gt;Richmond Planet&lt;/i&gt;</text>
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                <text>1902-02-01</text>
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                <text>A Double Lynching</text>
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