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              <text>Brian Schrott</text>
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              <text>The Planet emphasizes the racism of the Richmond Dispatch and talks about their “chronic attacks of Negro-phobia.”</text>
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              <text>The Richmond Va., Dispatch continues to suffer from chronic attacks of Negro-phobia. From its position in favor of a constitutional convention it ingloriously retreats, and assigns as its reason that a Negro’s vote will have as much weight as that of a white man’s.&#13;
It is a pity that no senitorium exists in this country for the cure of such ailments. This journal and its management have our sympathy.&#13;
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                <text>&lt;i&gt;Richmond Planet&lt;/i&gt;</text>
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              <text>Cord Fox</text>
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              <text>A white special constable was caught defrauding a colored man out of his ballot, but the case was never sent to the grand jury.</text>
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              <text>Mr. J. W. Donley, white caught a white special constable in the act of defrauding a colored man out of his ballot. This evidence was conclusive, yet Justice Vincent we are informed declined to even send the case on to the grand jury. 
	Myer Angle was the white man who thus perjured himself. To any fair-minded man, this was plainly evident.
	But there was a vacancy among the constables of Henrico County, and many were the applications among which quite fittingly was that of the murderer of Col. H. C. Parsons, ex-Conductor T. A. Goodman.
	Judge Wickham of the Henrico Co. Court has always been regarded to be a most excellent gentleman one of who  would scorn a dishonorable act, and white and colored vied in doing him honor. This was due to a large extent to his father, Gen. Wickham, at the time of his death, Vice-president of the C. &amp; O. R. R.
	This distinguished gentleman made the name “Wickham,” a household word. Colored men would jump over party lines to vote for the “old General.”
	It was surprising then, yea, disappointing to everyone when it was ascertained that Myer Angle had been appointed a constable for Henrico County. 
	Others may be able to explain it we cannot. Why did Judge Wickham appoint him? Was he ignorant of his record? Did he not know that he was guilty of trifling with the inalienable right and privilege of a freeman – the ballot? We should like to have these questions answered and find out what malign influence was exerted in this case and why Myer Angle was selected to fill a position, which his previous action had demonstrated he was unfit to hold Selah. </text>
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                <text>18950727-A Peculiar Appointment</text>
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              <text>The Attorney General of Virginia argues that it is lawful to present several types of ballots, though the law states that there should only be one. </text>
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              <text>The discussion between the Daily Times and the Richmond Dispatch relative to fair elections has become decidedly interesting and the latter journal’s explanation of why the Walton Law was engrafted upon the Anderson-McCormick Electoral Boards Law decidedly amusing.
	All of this was done, it alleges, to protect the few thousand Negro-Democratic voters in the state from the prying eyes of their Republican associates. 
	Secrecy is absolutely essential so far as the Negro is concerned although it is advised that the Democratic special constable be called in to mark his ballot for him. 
	The fact that the Attorney General of Virginia rendered an opinion declaring that it was lawful for the Electoral Boards to have printed several kinds of ballots with the names of the candidates thereon disarranged is a telling indictment against that official and opens the way for severe criticism, as is also the action of the Secretary of the Commonwealth in sending circular upon the subject to the Electoral Board. 
	The law provides that there shall be but one ballot, not several kinds of ballots. 
Thus the officials of the state have been guilty of practicing trickery upon the people of the state.
	This was done to ensure party supremacy and demonstrates conclusively to what depths into the mire of politics some sworn officials can be made to go. 
	A voter unquestionably had the right to take any step he might see fit to mark his ballot, be it to count the number of names from the top, the length of the line or to “go it blind,” and trust to luck as to whether he would scratch out the proper names or not. 
	The people of the country are watching the outcome. The Times has proven its case, and ballot-box thieves have been convicted as a result of its startling exposures. 
	It is in favor of honesty. It condemns trickery. No right-thinking man can fail to endorse its course. No true Christina can hesitate in giving it abundant encouragement and support. 
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              <text>Carlos Serrano</text>
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              <text>The Planet poses questions regarding the fairness of elections in the Richmond area.</text>
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              <text>The Richmond, Va., Daily Times, a liberal Democratic journal has been faithfully endeavoring to lead the party with which it is identified back to the true principles of Democracy.
It attacked that cancerous growth-dishonest elections and no surgeon has ever essayed to locate and advise as to the removal of the same with more precision and fidelity than has this champion of truth and justice.
When the allegations was made that political rings controlled the state and that whereas when the Republican party was active Negroes were cheated, but since its retirement from the field outspoken and independent white men were cheated as well, the Chairman of the State Democratic Committee professed ignorance and the Richmond, Va., Dispatch was stone-blind.
It was openly stated that the charges must be substantiated by facts. Well in the Daily Times on the 4th inst., these facts are produced. With what success the reader may judge from the editorial utterances of this journal.
“The exposure we make this morning of what took place at Smithers’ store precinct, in Henrico county, as the election on November 7,1893, should make every citizen of Virginia pause and ask himself earnestly and seriously if he has any voice in his government at all as matters now stand. Three hundred and fifty voted were all that were cast at this precinct and yet the election officers recorded six hundred and eleven and that by the most open and barefaced methods of stuffing the ballot box. So bold had successful fraud made them that they neglected the most ordinary precautions of covering up their tracks. The copying of “blocks of five” from the registration book is perhaps the most open and barefaced fraud that was ever attempted before under similar circumstances. By this method, a precinct which had never before given more than one hundred and seventy seven democratic votes in an honest election was made to give four hundred and ninety-eight Democratic votes. It could just as easily have been made to give one thousand if they had been needed.”
And again
“This thing could not have happened without the connivance of all the election officers at that precinct. It is, therefore, to be considered as of and belonging to our election system. A system which makes those who have exclusive control of the elections a board of partisans, all of one party, to hold their meetings in secret, keep no records and be accountable to no one, must of course work it way by degrees to elections like that held at Smith's.
The Times has uncovered what was done at this precinct by its own unaided efforts. It was of course at a great disadvantage from having to pick up its information here and there and wherever it could find an item. It had no power to compel the attendance of witnesses to give evidence. If it had this power it had not the slightest doubt that it could show that a state of affairs similar to that at Smithers exists in almost every, if not every, Negro county.”
What will the people of Virginia say to this? How do they like the situation? But the Daily Times propounds a few questions and answers them. Here they are: 
“The Dispatch has repeatedly taunted the Times with the question ‘Why do you not go with your allegations of fraud before the grand juries?’ We have now proved fraud. What does the Dis;atch think will b done? We can tell it. Nothing. It is very doubtful whether the grand Jury indicts any one. But if it does here will be no conviction. Men cannot be expected to be better than their laws. The Anderson-McCormick law was understood by the people to be intended to be a shelter for cheating in elections. It had demoralized a great part of the moral sense of the people and they look on at the frauds that are perpetrated in elections with a shrug of the shoulder and inward thanks that their election troubles are ended.
But are they ended? Is it any relief to escape Negro rule to fall under the absolute and autocratic rule of a ring of election thieves and ballot-box stuffers? 
What is the use of any citizen voting again? His vote is not counted unless it suits the election officers to count it. What part then has the citizen in his government. None, absolutely none. He had just as well stay at home as go to the polls. The result is the same in either case.”
 
Ah, the white men of Virginia, in order to protect themselves against fraud and thievery must protect us.
Here is the practical demonstration of a principle which is as old as time and as unvarying as the Almighty.
May the christian people rally and the masses see that it is absolutely essential to the life of free government that honesty be again enthroned...</text>
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                <text>Are Our Elections Honest?</text>
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              <text>A meeting was held in New York to discuss suffrage, and the goal was to achieve "righteous liberty of political action without distinction or color.</text>
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              <text>Awakening of the North 
Remarkable Speech of Hon. John E. Milholland. A Ringing Condemnation of Existing Conditions. Rev. Dixon and His “Clansman.” The Constitution League and its Mission. No Compromise With Wrong. 
New York, N.Y., Feb 5, 1906
The Constitution League held a mass meeting at Cooper Union Hall, New York City last Thursday evening with an attendance of 3,000 of which one fourth was white. The object of the meeting was to discuss the Suffrage Conditions in the South. Resolutions were passed demanding that Congress take steps toward constitutional representation and the restoration in all the states of chose conditions which shall insure a righteous liberty of political action without distinction or color or of race to the attainment of the highest individual aspiration and endeavor. Mr. John E. Milholland, presiding officer of the meeting, in his speech, said in part: 
Ladies and Gentlemen: 
	A dashing brigand away off in Morocco decided one day that he needed a rich man in his business. So he kidnapped a certain gentleman of wealth and influence in the neighborhood, bore him off to the deserts and calmly declared that unless the terms of ransom were complied with promptly, he would return the unfortunate man’s body on the installment plan. (Laughter)
	With this announcement came other startling news. Though Greek by name and ancestry, the stolen one, it appeared, had been born right; he was a native of Philadelphia. True, he has left his birthplace  a mere [...] and always lived abroad, but he was still an American citizen. 
Far Cry for Release
Instantly went up a far cry for his release. It was quickly heard in Washington almost before articulate expression could be given elsewhere. The government machinery for relief was set in motion, Our navy baume busy and the chancelleries of Europe grew nervous. A big warship was dispatched to the scene, and the civilized and uncivilized world was made to understand that this IMperial Republic would endeavor to curb Mr. Raisuli man stealing activities through the search for him and his prey had to be carried into the heart of Darkest Africa. “We demand Perdicaris living or Raisuli dead,” was the grim alternative of out State Department, over which the late Republican National Convention in Chicago went wild with enthusiasm...</text>
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              <text>Carlos Serrano</text>
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              <text>Men are convicted of electoral fraud in precincts in Henrico county, and receive a fine of $10 and one day in jail.</text>
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              <text>The trial of the white men, charged man charged with Alexa in Smith pre Henry on Friday 20th inst, and resulted in the conviction of the accused. 
The evidence was conclusive and barring quibbles upon some technical law points, it was considered by even the defense that no other result could have been reached.
By agreement a verdict of $10 fine and one day in jail was rented.
The convicted criminals were James Holleran, William Wilson, BF Ashby, WP Woodson, and BW Brauer.
This was due to the agitation by the Richmond, VA, Times in favor of honest elections. It was proven that there were more names up on the registration books of this Precinct then there were voted it was proven that dead man had been voted, and that the dishonest election officials who had begun by robbing colored men, when this element in politics have been removed practice upon white men as well.
Capt. AB Guion,The Fearless console in the case has done his duty well, and despite adverse criticism, the loss of personal friends and the condemnation by party leaders performed unflinchingly a disagreeable task, and his efforts have been crowned with success. He is a Democrat, but will yet find as the years pass by that no grantor service could be performed then to place the political organization to which he belongs above the plane of the bummer, the, and the man who would not hesitate to commit murder to carry a point. The punishment secured is entirely inadequate but it will do.
It will be a warning to Democrats and 10 to clear are elections of the stains which have so long rested upon them.
There are few persons who believed that a jury could have been obtained that would have rendered even such a nominal verdict we are pleased to find it as it is and we hope are the next batch of criminals are brought to trial that the situation will have improved sufficiently to guarantee their incarceration in the Virginia Penitentiary where hard work May tend to produce an atonement for their mauy sins...</text>
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              <text>Cord Fox</text>
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              <text>Votes for a primary election in Henrico County, Virginia, are publicly being sold without challenges to the lawfulness of the act. </text>
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              <text>It has been alleged that the colored vote was purchaseable, and that principle formed no part in the transaction so far as latter-day politics its concerned. 
	We have repeatedly maintained that the corrupt practices which have obtained among the degraded portion of our population was due to the white men. 
	A writer in the Richmond, Va. Daily Times of March 30th says:
	“Perhaps the most noticeable feature of the primary election in Henrico county Thursday was the open and unstinted use of money by friends of the different candidates. 
	The purchase of votes to place at most of the precincts, or at least it was clearly understood among the bystanders that that such was the case, but at Hungary precinct was the most startling instance. At this precinct votes were purchased with the most utter and open disregard of appearances. Voters were plied with offers from friends of opposing candidates, and, when finally won by the largest offer of ready cash, were marched to the polls, their tickets handed them, and their votes cast without even an examination of their ballots. One block of four was publicly proclaimed to have been bought for $42, and this without one word of denial from the voters themselves, who were in easy hearing of all comments upon the purchase. 
	One man, who, it was publicly announced, had been holding his vote at $25 rapidly approached the precinct and when asked by a dozen inquirers in loud tones how much he was to get for his vote, replied with a laugh, it was none of their business. He was seized upon by a canvasser, marched straight to the poll window, his ticket was handed him, and, without looking at it, he passed it to the judge. As soon as the ballot was received, he turned on his heel and quickly retraced his steps down the road, replying  to a number of loud inquiries as to the price he received that they needn’t bother about him, he knew his business. 
	Bystanders and officers of election alike expressed their disgust and condemnation of this shockingly demoralized state of affairs, and it was openly proposed to employ an auctioneer to sell a number of tardy voters to the highest bidder.”
	What have the Negro-haters to say of this?
	Is not “Blocks of Five” Dudley outdone. Continued wrong-doing must react upon the people practicing it. This is the Democratic primary, in which no colored man is allowed to vote. 
	The demoralizing condition of affairs is but the logical outcome of the defrauding of colored men. 
	Crime will operate upon the white man, when it finds there are no Negroes upon whim to practice. 
	But another writer corroborates the demoralizing condition of affairs. He says:
	“The statement in your issue of March 30th as to the open bribery practiced at Hungary precinct during the recent primary but supplements and confirms reports of such bribery and buying votes at Shoemaker’s precinct. The writer of this heard it in the air and talked about as a matter of fact all around the polls when he was there to cast his vote. One instance was cited by a reliable gentleman, who had denounced a shameless hawker of his vote, when he was trying to get an advanced on the four and half dollars already offered for it. 
	To say nothing of the morality of honesty of such doings, I want to ask as a party man, how far nominations thus brought may command our support at the polls? It is a question with some whether such corruption does not vitiate the primary and absolve the honest voter from support of its nominees, especially in cases where other and good candidates for election may offer. This is a practical question with a voter who has always voted the straight Democratic ticket, but is disposed to denounce a requirement to vote for a dishonest or incompetent candidate.”
	The solution of this question is the return to the bed-rock principles of a pure government and accord to all men equal rights before the law. There cannot be any caste in a free country which endangers the foundation of the republic itself.</text>
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                <text>1895-04-06</text>
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              <text>Megan Brooks</text>
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            <elementText elementTextId="1967">
              <text>Maryland disenfranchises 30,000 “Negroes” through literacy tests.</text>
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              <text>New Disfranchisement bill ready for Maryland
 
Baltimore, Dec 23.- Attorney General Brian has drawn up a bill for submission to the legislature which will disenfranchise some 30,000 “negro” voters in this state. This action is in line with the issue raised by Senator Gorman and the Democratic managers in the recent state campaign. At the legislature will be overwhelmingly Democratic, the bill, which is for a constitutional amendment, will be passed.
 
It provides that before any person shall be entitled to vote he shall be entitled to vote he shall be able to read and to write at dictation any  section of the constitution of Maryland, or shall have paid for the two preceding years state and county  or city taxes, unless he was entitled to vote in one of the states of the union on january 1, 1867, or at some date prior thereto, or unless he is legitimate, lineal descendant of some person who was entitled to vote at the time. No property or educational qualification shall be required of persons entitled to vote prior to 1867.
 
The bill is based on the “grandfather” “clause” in North Carolina Election law.</text>
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                <text>1904-01-02</text>
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              <text>Elias Sturim</text>
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              <text>Mitchell condemns the Richmond Times Dispatch for inconsistencies, and says that it has "dropped to the advocacy of a national wrong."</text>
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              <text>THE RICHMOND, Va., TIMES is nothing, if it is not inconsistent. From platitudes upon the final triumph of great principles, it has dropped to the advocacy of a national wrong. It would disfranchise  the citizen of color. It would legalize anarchy and commission crime. If not this, then what does its utterance mean? Under the caption “BOOKER WASHINGTON’S Mistake” it says in the issue of the 14th inst:
“A bill is pending before the Georgia Legislatures, called the Hardwick bill, which aims at disfranchising a large majority of the Negro voters of the State under some sort of pretexts concerning education and “lineal descent” whatever that can mean for a Negro. There was a large meeting of what are called “representative Negroes” held in Atlanta last week, and a memorial was signed by them to the Georgia Legislature praying that body not to pass the bill.
Booker Washington, the Negro who is at the head of the Negro industrial school at Tuskegee, Alabama, took part in the meeting and made himself very active in it.</text>
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              <text>Upper Left Quadrant</text>
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                <text>Disenfranchisement In Georgia</text>
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                <text>&lt;i&gt;Richmond Planet&lt;/i&gt;</text>
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                <text>1899-11-18</text>
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              <text>Rose Williams</text>
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              <text>The Democratic Party of Virginia” holds an “unconstitutional ‘Constitutional’ Convention” to discuss how blacks are the “‘hindering cause’ in the way of a pure election”.</text>
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              <text>https://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&amp;d=RP19031031.1.4&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------</text>
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              <text>Voting</text>
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              <text>Eating Their Own Cookings. 
The Democratic party of Virginia made the Negro an issue and spent over a half million dollars of the state’s funds for the purpose of holding an unconstitutional “Constitutional” Convention for the special benefit of the colored brother, alleging that he was the “hindering cause” in the way of a pure election. It alleged that if he were “wiped out” as a voting factor, “peace would reign in Warsaw” and dishonesty in elections be a thing of the past. 
We repeatedly asserted that this was a vain hope. The ballot box suffer and tally sheet manipulator must have something to do and with the Negro out of the way, they would at once begin work on the “brother in white.” When there are no white men’s chickens to raise from the roost, the colored brother must of necessity pay his respects to the colored brother’s barn-yard in the neighborhood. 
This is the amusing phase of the situation. Even the dishonest colored man now realizes that he is not able to “hold a light” for the white thieves now infesting this neighborhood and he knows too that the colored race as such is unquestionably one of the most honest types of mankind on the face of the globe. 
Are elections honest now? Do white men rob white men? Here is a report of political meetings held Thursday, October 23rd, 1903 in Henrico county. It speaks for itself:
“The speaking itself was of a pretty lively sort. On the Todd side, a hot fire was poured at the State Committee and at the newspapers of the city. The Chairman Ruffin made a claim, clear argument for his contention that the State Committee had no jurisdiction, and that the state did right in finding Bauer guilty. Mr. St. George Coalter followed in a speech in which he brought some sensational charges against the Brauer side and in which he incidentally belabored the papers. Mr. Todd himself followed and what he said about the State committee was pretty lively and brisk to say the least. He practically charged that the committee had been bought up with whiskey. He said he had been ‘gold-bricked’ and ‘sand bagged’ by the honorable gentlemen of the committee.”…</text>
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                <text>October Summaries</text>
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                <text>&lt;i&gt;Richmond Planet&lt;/i&gt;</text>
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                <text>1903-10-31</text>
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