2 10 42 Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Student Name Carlos Serrano Summary After black men are elected to replace white men in Norfolk’s city council, the Democrats are taken aback and backlash. Item Type Article Image No URL https://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&d=RP18940804&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN------- Topic Voting Times Repeated Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound The Democrats of Norfolk, assisted by those in other sections of the state are endeavoring to make party Capital because 22 white men were discharged and 22 colored men put in their places as a result of the recent election in that City. These discharge white men went so far as to parade the streets of Norfolk with a banner calling attention to the fact that Negroes had been appointed to take their places. It seems strange that this should be when these Democrats were making overtures to be the same Negroes in order to secure their aid in carrying the election, and no doubt would have pledged what the Reform-Prohibitionist are carrying out. Remember the time when Democrat of this state wouldn't think of having anybody but Negroes to do that kind of work. We see it announced that an Excursion is to be given in order to raise money to assist these white men who were discharged, it being alleged that their families are in a destitute condition. From the above it would seem then that the city of Norfolk is expected to furnish work for one set of men during their lifetime, because they fail to save up anything for a “ rainy day,” while the Thousand who never have had a chance at the public crib are to suffer, and their families want, in order to benefit this favored few. It seems to us that these 22 white men should be thankful that they have been retained so long and proceeded to find some other employment rather than sit upon the curbstone sucking their thumbs, and yelling because they have lost . We think that the recognition given the colored brother is of the most moderate kind. He has as yet secured the most menial positions, To which the positions of janitor to the City Hall, and Keeper of the cemetery have been added. Mr.William Thorogood, the Intrepid leader of the colored forces has not as yet been provided for. Dr. Bowen is a candidate for the position of physician to the poor and there are numbers of colored men who would make efficient, sober, and conscientious police officers who could be relied upon not to sleep upon their beat or go in to see the white elephant, when they should be attending to the duties of the office. We think the colored Brethren have been very modest in their request and are only surprised that there should be any hesitation in granting them. Location Lower Left Quadrant Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Situation at Norfolk Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <i>Richmond Planet</i> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1894-08-04 Title A name given to the resource Situation at Norfolk Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Student Name Carlos Serrano Summary Men are convicted of electoral fraud in precincts in Henrico county, and receive a fine of $10 and one day in jail. Item Type Article Image No URL https://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&d=RP18940728&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN------- Topic Voting Times Repeated Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound The trial of the white men, charged man charged with Alexa in Smith pre Henry on Friday 20th inst, and resulted in the conviction of the accused. The evidence was conclusive and barring quibbles upon some technical law points, it was considered by even the defense that no other result could have been reached. By agreement a verdict of $10 fine and one day in jail was rented. The convicted criminals were James Holleran, William Wilson, BF Ashby, WP Woodson, and BW Brauer. This was due to the agitation by the Richmond, VA, Times in favor of honest elections. It was proven that there were more names up on the registration books of this Precinct then there were voted it was proven that dead man had been voted, and that the dishonest election officials who had begun by robbing colored men, when this element in politics have been removed practice upon white men as well. Capt. AB Guion,The Fearless console in the case has done his duty well, and despite adverse criticism, the loss of personal friends and the condemnation by party leaders performed unflinchingly a disagreeable task, and his efforts have been crowned with success. He is a Democrat, but will yet find as the years pass by that no grantor service could be performed then to place the political organization to which he belongs above the plane of the bummer, the, and the man who would not hesitate to commit murder to carry a point. The punishment secured is entirely inadequate but it will do. It will be a warning to Democrats and 10 to clear are elections of the stains which have so long rested upon them. There are few persons who believed that a jury could have been obtained that would have rendered even such a nominal verdict we are pleased to find it as it is and we hope are the next batch of criminals are brought to trial that the situation will have improved sufficiently to guarantee their incarceration in the Virginia Penitentiary where hard work May tend to produce an atonement for their mauy sins... Location Upper Right Quadrant Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context Ballot-Box Stuffers Convicted Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <i>Richmond Planet</i> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1894-07-28 Title A name given to the resource Ballot-Box Stuffers Convicted Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Student Name Carlos Serrano Summary An election in Harrisonburg, VA results in the election of a Democratic mayor and Republican treasurer; it is the first election to occur under a new election law that aims to disenfranchise black voters. Item Type Article Image No URL https://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&d=RP18940804&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN------- Topic Voting Times Repeated Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound The recent election at Harrisonburg, VA resulted in the election of a Democrat, Mr. Switzer, Mayor, and a republican, Mr. D.D. Lewis, treasurer. The contest was conducted under the provisions of the new law, which was enacted with a View to further disenfranchise the colored people in the black counties. In a letter to the Richmond, VA Daily Times, Treasurer Lewis, under date of July 28th, says: “The law itself affords every opportunity for the grossest frauds. Our special Constable is an exceptionally honest man, and did his duty according to the law, as he construed it, But by his wrong Construction, about 50 illiterates were disenfranchised. As I said before, owning to the honesty of the Constable little or no money was used, which was a great improvement over some of our former elections, but with the 1 Constable provision and with a dishonest constable, the use of money can be made a hundred times more dangerous than ever before, for the party who has the Constable can buy all the Floaters, for they cannot be divided and thus made less dangerous.” He adds: “ I do not speak from the standpoint of a disappointed office Seeker, having been elected by a majority of 137 in a total vote of 573, and my vote being largely in excess of any other canidate.” The situation is concisely stated. When the bosses choose to give a fair return they do so, and when the situation is regarded as desperate they changed accordingly and a majority their way can be rented. The idea is to work the law firly, in white counties, and unfairly in black ones. Truly the ways of some of these Democratic politicians are at times past finding out. Location Upper Right Quadrant Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context The New Election Law Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <i>Richmond Planet</i> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1894-08-04 Title A name given to the resource The New Election Law Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Student Name Cord Fox Summary Nine of the thirteen states which had elections voted overwhelmingly Republican. Item Type Article Image No URL https://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&d=RP18951116.1.2&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN------- Topic Voting Times Repeated Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound Of the thirteen states in which elections took place Tuesday Nov. 5th, nine of them went overwhelmingly Republican. Utah elected a territorial convention which will sent two Republican United States Senators to Washington and give that party full control of that august tribunal. The most surprising results were achieved in New Jersey, Maryland, and Kentucky. That the last named state should break from her Democratic mooring is the surprise of the century. It also is the surprise of the century. It also is the surprise of the century. It also strengthens the claim of Judge Denney the Republican who ran against Mr. Owens, Democrat in Mr. Breckenridge congressional district but has counted out. It is confidently predicted too that a Republican United States Senator from Kentucky will be one o the anomalies of the ape. This land-slide gives unmistakable evidence of what may be expected next year. The nominee of the National Republican Convention will be the next President of the United States. And it is best that it should be so. The Democratic Party has shown its incapacity to govern and the more conservative members of the organization realize that fact. New York has set the pace for the nation and called upon all to follow. Prosperity is what is wanted and the country has expressed itself very emphatically upon that subject. Location Upper Left Quadrant Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 18951116-The Elections-Fox Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <i>Richmond Planet</i> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1895-11-16 Title A name given to the resource The Elections Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Student Name Cord Fox Summary The Planet comments on the disenfranchisement of black voters in South Carolina. Item Type Article Image No URL https://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&d=RP18951109.1.2&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN------- Topic Voting Times Repeated Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound South Carolina’s unconstitutional “Constitutional” Convention has met and adjourned. The novel character of this body was somewhat discounted by the fact that Mississippi had made the same sort of exhibition of its weakness before. Here was a bold attempt to disfranchise citizens of African descent by legal processes. Here was a declaration to the world that the doctrine of universal suffrage was all wrong and that the government of the many by the few was the only proper method to be practiced in South Carolina. This is an open confession that free institutions are failures, and that ring-rule and favoritism must forever hold sway in the Southland. That prince of demagogues, Senator B. R. Tillman made what has been termed the speech of his death, for it will haunt him to his grave. His misrepresentations and his falsehoods covered up under the verbiage of flowing rhetoric and fervid oratory will forever remain as a grim sentinel showing the depravity of man and demonstrating how far a human being may go in his search for continuation of power, and the increase of notoriety. Senator Tillman conceded that the enactment of the constitutional provisions on the suffrage question was done to ease conscience. It was the intention to legalize lawlessness. Had he consulted history or read ethics, he would have arrived at the conclusion that it was and is impossible for this to be done. This mongrel document, the work of this unconstitutional “Constitutional Convention” will react upon the very children of those who conceived and put it into execution. The Scriptures have specified the only true way to a realization of happiness. It is not by deception and fraud, or by making the people of a whole state a party to criminal act. The people of South Carolina have not as yet through their properly accredited representatives framed a constitution. A ring controlled by Senator Tillman has done so. In his speech, he gave the same reasons that the thief gives for relieving a passer-by, the robber gives for robbing a citizen, the burglar gives for looting a bank, the murderer gives for slaying his victims. He pleads justification, and in so doing makes the alleged tool the responsible party while the principal who caused the act to be done is allowed to go “unwhipt of justice” unpunished by the rigors of the law which he has put into operation. The citizen of African descent smiles at the frantic efforts of this bourbon to further humiliate and disfranchise us. We are beyond the reach of his powerful arm, and know that all his labor is in vain. On with the persecution, on with the disfranchisement, on with the torrent of undeserved abuse! We stood two hundred and fifty years of the most galling slavery known to mankind; we can weather all of the onerous laws you may see fit to crowd upon your statute-books. Wrong-doing carries with it punishment. Ruinous race-legislation reacts upon those who put it into operation and while our enemies may be throttling us in the field of political endeavor, we shall find industrial life-eternal in the school, the field, the workshop of this country. You may attempt to check our growth in South Carolina, we will yet reach our full measure of citizenship in other sections of our great land and the reaction will be so pronounced and telling that the action of today will either be a dead-letter or posterity will rise up and with a wave of indignation wipe them from the statutes of the state which they have so ling contaminated. Location Upper Left Quadrant Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 18951109-The Shame of South Carolina-Fox Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <i>Richmond Planet</i> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1895-11-09 Title A name given to the resource The Shame of South Carolina Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Student Name Cord Fox Summary After laboring for weeks to eliminate African Americans voting rights the South Carolina Constitutional Convention believes they have succeeded. Item Type Article Image No URL https://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&d=RP18951005.1.2&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN------- Topic Voting Times Repeated Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound The South Carolina Un-constitutional “Constitutional” Convention has been laboring for weeks to eliminate the colored man as a factor in politics. It believes it has succeeded and thus the trial of us as a race by the fires of persecution goes on. We shall await the onslaught and stand the test believing that the violation of great principles will surely react upon the violators. No laws which Senator Tillman and his illiterate white crew may enact can injure us further. The ballot has been wrested from our hands in that state with the revolver, the shot-gun, the Winchester rifle and the gibbet. Our liberties sleep beneath the bloody soil of South Carolina, and from further political injury we are secure. The action of these South Carolina buccaneers is taken to ease conscience. Certainly for no other cause could they resort to such tiresome efforts to disfranchise a people who have, so far as politics in that state is concerned abandoned hope. We are satisfied that what they have done is constitutional for no act of an unconstitutional body can be otherwise. They are handing down a legacy of blood and trouble to their children and will fail to accomplish the object of all their toil. Location Lower Left Quadrant Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 18951005-South Carolina and the Tillmanites-Fox Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <i>Richmond Planet</i> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1895-10-05 Title A name given to the resource South Carolina and the Tillmanites Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Student Name Rose Williams Summary White mobs “drove away” black men attempting to “pay the poll taxes” in order to vote by threatening them with shotguns at the entrance of “the county treasury”. Item Type Article Image No URL https://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&d=RP19031212.1.4&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN------- Topic Voting Times Repeated Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound Trouble at Berkley. The Democrats of Berkley or rather certain lawless elements of that party went to the office of the county treasurer and drove away the colored men who were there to pay the poll taxes as a prerequisite to voting. These lawless elements were armed with shotguns and threatened to use them. The County Treasurer was forced to seek an asylum in the station house. The reasons given were that this white treasurer received the poll-tax from colored men while difficulties were thrown in the way of white men. No arrests have been made as a result of his high-handed proceeding. It is rather surprising that the colored people in that section submitted to it. They are as a rule property owners, thrifty and responsible and some of our best friends are to be found in that locality. These white men, who are outlawing themselves will yet meet a condition of affairs, which will astound them. Colored men will not forever submit to this flagrant curtailment of their rights. The masses are disenfranchised and the better elements of us are now driven from the county treasurer’s office with shotguns, although we are there on a peaceful mission, complying with the specific provisions of a law as enacted by an all white Virginia legislature. Location Lower Left Quadrant Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context December Summaries Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <i>Richmond Planet</i> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1903-12-12 Title A name given to the resource Trouble at Berkley Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Student Name Cord Fox Summary The Planet believes the promotion of fair elections are “excellent” after the meeting of the Fair Elections conference in Petersburg, Virginia. Item Type Article Image No URL https://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&d=RP18950810.1.2&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN------- Topic Voting Times Repeated Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound The Fair Elections Conference held at Petersburg last week has met and adjourned. Its recommendations of the elections bill for the promotion of fair elections are excellent, but the composition of the meeting was not such as to inspire the hope that its suggestions will be soon acted upon and that a political upheaval will be the early result of its deliberations. So far as we have been able to observe, this non-partisan conference studiously excluded the Virginian of African descent, and yet admitted to its sessions Gen. William Mahone, a gentleman whose presence would do the cause more harm than that of a dozen citizens of darker hue. However we endorse the result, although we may disapprove of the method by which it was obtained. We assert with confidence that until the “wheel-horses” of the Democratic Party, men trusted by the people lead the revolution against the present system of bossism and political corruption, there can be no practical results obtained. The slim attendance of the Conference and the little interest manifested by the people at large, make it reasonably certain to our mind that the people are content to bear the burden a while longer and submit to a species of political serfdom which not only brutalize the better nature but causes the lowering of himself in his own estimation. Location Lower Left Quadrant Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 18950810-The Conference and Fair Elections-Fox Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <i>Richmond Planet</i> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1895-08-10 Title A name given to the resource The Conference and Fair Elections Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Student Name Cord Fox Summary A white special constable was caught defrauding a colored man out of his ballot, but the case was never sent to the grand jury. Item Type Article Image No URL https://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&d=RP18950727.1.2&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN------- Topic Voting Times Repeated Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound Mr. J. W. Donley, white caught a white special constable in the act of defrauding a colored man out of his ballot. This evidence was conclusive, yet Justice Vincent we are informed declined to even send the case on to the grand jury. Myer Angle was the white man who thus perjured himself. To any fair-minded man, this was plainly evident. But there was a vacancy among the constables of Henrico County, and many were the applications among which quite fittingly was that of the murderer of Col. H. C. Parsons, ex-Conductor T. A. Goodman. Judge Wickham of the Henrico Co. Court has always been regarded to be a most excellent gentleman one of who would scorn a dishonorable act, and white and colored vied in doing him honor. This was due to a large extent to his father, Gen. Wickham, at the time of his death, Vice-president of the C. & O. R. R. This distinguished gentleman made the name “Wickham,” a household word. Colored men would jump over party lines to vote for the “old General.” It was surprising then, yea, disappointing to everyone when it was ascertained that Myer Angle had been appointed a constable for Henrico County. Others may be able to explain it we cannot. Why did Judge Wickham appoint him? Was he ignorant of his record? Did he not know that he was guilty of trifling with the inalienable right and privilege of a freeman – the ballot? We should like to have these questions answered and find out what malign influence was exerted in this case and why Myer Angle was selected to fill a position, which his previous action had demonstrated he was unfit to hold Selah. Location Lower Left Quadrant Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 18950727-A Peculiar Appointment Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <i>Richmond Planet</i> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1895-07-27 Title A name given to the resource A Peculiar Appointment Text A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text. Student Name Cord Fox Summary The Planet refutes an argument printed in the Washington Post on the disenfranchisement of African American voters. Item Type Article Image No URL https://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&d=RP18950713.1.2&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN------- Topic Voting Times Repeated Transcription Any written text transcribed from a sound The Richmond, Va. Daily Times, in its issue of the 7th inst., under the caption of “Good Advice to Negroes but Virginia is Democratic” discussed the letter of Mr. Edward S. Tafft, an alleged Republican. The document in question appeared in a recent issue of the Washington Post, and the writer justifies the disfranchisement of the American citizen of African descent in South Carolina. Such statements should of itself dispose of both Mr. Tafft and his argument, but he mixes truth with error in such an ingenious way that we presume it would not be out of place for the Negro to state his estimate of his conclusions. He charges that while the colored people vote for white men, they select the worst members of the opposite race as their leaders, and elevate to power a class of politicians who are unscrupulous and in search of plunder. This is his charge. Let us analyze it. No man or body of men either as leaders or private citizens would overturn the foundation of the government itself, ignore great principles and consign to serfdom a class of people that both God and man have pronounced free and equal. The colored man has followed men whom the Democratic Party declared to be the best in the Southland, and what has been the result? Look at the Southern States and you have your answer. They followed Gen. Wm. Mahone, the hero of the Crater in Virginia. They voted for Gen. Fitz Lee, the favored “nephew of his uncle.” General Robert E. Lee. They followed B. R. Tillman, in South Carolina, and are now standing by Gen Wade Hampton and allies in the same state. They followed Kolb on the one hand in Georgia and Atkinson on the other. They stood by Chalmers in Mississippi; Forrest in Louisiana, and Hogg in Texas, and yet this hypocritical Republican dares to charge the Negro with having espoused the cause of the unscrupulous demagogues of the South. The truth is that as soon as a Democrat ceases to act with the machine-wing of his party he is put down as a demagogue, and a trickster. Talk about good government, under the Democratic Party! Where is it? From the national government down to those of the states, what has been the record. The state treasury of Virginia was looted. A Democratic official long since dead, stole more than two hundred thousand dollars. How much more will never be known? It seems that the examiners got tired counting. Gen Mahone discovered fraud after fraud in the management of the state’s finances. More money has been stolen, misappropriated and otherwise made away than was expended during the entire time of management of the “carpet-baggers” in South Carolina. Tillman’s exposures of the condition of affairs in South Carolina prior to his accession to office is astounding. Kolb’s declarations concerning Georgia is an object lesson while the Southern states present a condition of degeneracy and corruption that could not have been out-done during the palmist days of Rome’s decay. And this is the showing presented by the government of the white man. They yell about Negro supremacy and the effort of the colored man to secure social equality, and yet these same howling hypocrites live upon a plane of absolute equality with Negro women whose houses they furnish and whose illegitimate children they educate. This alleged Republican tells the Negro that there is but one hope, and he encouches it in the following language: There is but one hope for the Negro, and that hope is dependent upon his publishing to the world a declaration of absolute political independence. He must free himself from those whose only purpose is to use him to further ends of greed and avarice. HE must gain a large measure of self-respect and be content to move in a social sphere which does not encroach upon that established by the white man, and he must be satisfied, if he would live in the South, to pursue the even tenor of his way without cherishing political ambition. We presume he intends to state that the violation of any one of the promises he lays down dissipates the hope dependent upon the exercise of all of them. Well, so be it. We have already shown that we are politically independent. Our self-respect is too well-known to admit of a question, and our failure to encroach upon the private social relationship of the white man or the black one either is recognized by all who choose to observe our past and present demeanor. We do cherish political ambition and shall continue so to do in common with every other citizen. It is a right accorded us by the constitution which we have no desire or intention to relinquish or cast aside. [The article continues for several more paragraphs] Location Upper Left Quadrant Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 18950713-Our Position on Great Questions-Fox Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived <i>Richmond Planet</i> Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 1895-07-13 Title A name given to the resource Our Position on Great Questions