<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<itemContainer xmlns="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5 http://omeka.org/schemas/omeka-xml/v5/omeka-xml-5-0.xsd" uri="https://blackvirginia.richmond.edu/items/browse?advanced%5B0%5D%5Belement_id%5D=56&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Btype%5D=is+exactly&amp;advanced%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D=Social+Change&amp;page=4&amp;output=omeka-xml" accessDate="2026-09-14T02:33:16+00:00">
  <miscellaneousContainer>
    <pagination>
      <pageNumber>4</pageNumber>
      <perPage>10</perPage>
      <totalResults>300</totalResults>
    </pagination>
  </miscellaneousContainer>
  <item itemId="1698" public="1" featured="1">
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Student Name</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20840">
              <text>Elias Sturim</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="53">
          <name>Summary</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20843">
              <text>Two armed “strange white men” visit a white man’s home, uninvited, and denounce southern lynchings.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Item Type</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20844">
              <text>Article</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Image</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20845">
              <text>No</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="28">
          <name>URL</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20848">
              <text>https://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&amp;d=RP18990909.1.1&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Topic</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20849">
              <text>Social Change</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="57">
          <name>Times Repeated</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20850">
              <text/>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="5">
          <name>Transcription</name>
          <description>Any written text transcribed from a sound</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20851">
              <text>A White Man Lynched.
Two strange white men, one of whom was armed with three pistols, a Winchester rifle and a dirk, visited Morgan Warren’s home near Georgetown, Ga., Monday afternoon, Aug. 28th.
They began to denounce southern lynchings, and abused the virtue of southern white women. They refused to leave when ordered away. Warren went to Georgetown and secured assistance to effect their arrest.
As the posse returned one of the men arose from ambush and presented his rifle, when he was fired on and instantly killed. The other man disappeared. Neither was recognized. The coroner’s jury returned a verdict of justifiable homicide.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="58">
          <name>Location</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20852">
              <text>Lower Right Quadrant</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20841">
                <text>Abused the South</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20842">
                <text>&lt;i&gt;Richmond Planet&lt;/i&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20846">
                <text>1899-09-09</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20847">
                <text>Abused the South</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="1696" public="1" featured="1">
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Student Name</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20814">
              <text>Elias Sturim</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="53">
          <name>Summary</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20817">
              <text>Black Republicans rally against fellow white Republicans for “abandoning the principles of the party.”</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Item Type</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20818">
              <text>Article</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Image</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20819">
              <text>No</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="28">
          <name>URL</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20822">
              <text>https://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&amp;d=RP18990902.1.4&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Topic</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20823">
              <text>Social Change</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="57">
          <name>Times Repeated</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20824">
              <text/>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="5">
          <name>Transcription</name>
          <description>Any written text transcribed from a sound</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20825">
              <text>The colored Republicans of Jackson, Mississippi held a largely attended meeting August 17th and denounced all white line Republicans from President McKinley down to the employees of the Jackson post-office.
It seems that the Republican managers secured the appointment of three democratic physicians as pension examiners although a colored Republican was an applicant.
It is stated that no colored men are employed in the Federal offices there, and that Democrats hold many of the best places there.
This is in the keeping with the President’s policy of pacification, superinduced by a desire to secure senatorial votes in support of his Philippine policy.
It is enough to make the Angel Gabriel kick much less the earthly colored men of Mississippi.
The meeting also criticized the President’s attitude with reference to lynching in the South and called upon the colored Republicans of the North to join with them in defeating him at the polls next year unless he changes his policy. Gov. Candler of Georgia was commended for his recent attitude in dealing with lynch.
This is independence with a vengeance. It seems that the colored folks mean business. If the Republican leaders insist upon abandoning the principles of the party, the colored voters will insist upon abandoning them.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="58">
          <name>Location</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20826">
              <text>Upper Left Quadrant</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20815">
                <text>Colored Voters Kicking</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20816">
                <text>&lt;i&gt;Richmond Planet&lt;/i&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20820">
                <text>1899-09-02</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20821">
                <text>Colored Voters Kicking</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="1695" public="1" featured="1">
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Student Name</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20801">
              <text>Elias Sturim</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="53">
          <name>Summary</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20804">
              <text>A judge denies a woman the right to send her black children to white schools because of the “separate but equal” doctrine.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Item Type</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20805">
              <text>Article</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Image</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20806">
              <text>No</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="28">
          <name>URL</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20809">
              <text>https://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&amp;d=RP18990902.1.1&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Topic</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20810">
              <text>Social Change</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="57">
          <name>Times Repeated</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20811">
              <text/>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="5">
          <name>Transcription</name>
          <description>Any written text transcribed from a sound</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20812">
              <text>Justice Wilmot M. Smith, in the Queens County Supreme Court, has denied the application of Mrs. Cisco, a colored woman, for a writ of peremptory mandamus to compel the School Board of Queens to admit all children, irrespective of color, to the public schools of that borough.
Attempted to Send Them.
Mrs. Cisco testified that she attempted to send her children, who are Negroes, to the Brenton-Avenue School, in Jamaica, but they had been denied admittance by the principal, who ordered her to take the children to the separate school for colored children. In addition, Mrs. Cisco swore that she had made other similar attempts at other public schools with the same result.
The woman claimed that the studier in the colored school were not far enough advanced for her children. She was twice arrested for the violation of the school law for not sending her children to school, and each time was acquitted. Judge Smith in his decision says:
“The Court of Appeals decided that under the provisions of the common school act of 1884, authorizing the establishment of separate schools for the education of the colored race, the school authorities have the power when, in their opinion, the interests of education will be prompted thereby, to establish schools for the exclusive use of colored children, and when such schools are established and provided with equal facilities for education, to exclude colored children from the school provided for white children.
“There is no claim upon the part of the relator that the statute had ever been expressly repealed by implication cannot be seriously entertained. The motion is denied without costs.”</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="58">
          <name>Location</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20813">
              <text>Lower Left Quadrant</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20802">
                <text>Colored Children Excluded</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20803">
                <text>&lt;i&gt;Richmond Planet&lt;/i&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20807">
                <text>1899-09-02</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20808">
                <text>Colored Children Excluded</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="1694" public="1" featured="1">
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Student Name</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20788">
              <text>Elias Sturim</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="53">
          <name>Summary</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20791">
              <text>A white woman leaves her husband and runs off with her “colored paramour” to escape to the North.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Item Type</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20792">
              <text>Article</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Image</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20793">
              <text>No</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="28">
          <name>URL</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20796">
              <text>https://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&amp;d=RP18990902.1.1&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Topic</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20797">
              <text>Social Change</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="57">
          <name>Times Repeated</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20798">
              <text/>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="5">
          <name>Transcription</name>
          <description>Any written text transcribed from a sound</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20799">
              <text>Suit for a Divorce.
One of the most remarkable cases of infatuation occurred here yesterday, when Mrs. Georgia L. Borneman, the pretty young wife of Charles F. Borneman (white) proprietor of the Newport News Bakery ran off with George Waddell, a brown-skin colored man who had formerly been employed by her husband.
Discharged Him.
It seems that Mr. Borneman discharged Waddell, and this brought matters to a focus. She decided to leave him and in company with her colored paramour go north.
Close observers have noticed the intimacy existing between Waddell and Mrs. Borneman for some time. Mr. Borneman is said to have followed his erring wife as far as Baltimore, but only caught sight of her at a distance.
It is thought that they went to Philadelphia. The madame took with her all of her jewelry and a considerable sum of money. 
The Two Little Ones.
She left behind her here two small children, one of which is a baby. The husband took the matter philosophically and proceeded to employ a lawyer to institute a suit for a divorce. He will have no trouble to obtain it.
The town has been considerably stirred up over the affair and the woman is more roundly abused than is the colored man.
White Men Wrathy.
Several white men have expressed a desire to take part in hanging her. She would not charge Waddell with attempted assault, but plainly showed her appreciation of her dusky lover.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="58">
          <name>Location</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20800">
              <text>Upper Left Quadrant</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20789">
                <text>A White Wife’s Love</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20790">
                <text>&lt;i&gt;Richmond Planet&lt;/i&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20794">
                <text>1899-09-02</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20795">
                <text>A White Wife’s Love</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="1690" public="1" featured="1">
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Student Name</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20736">
              <text>Liam Eynan</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="53">
          <name>Summary</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20739">
              <text>

A black man is hired for the prestigious position of guard to the state legislature, the first time the position was not filled by a white man.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Item Type</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20740">
              <text>Article</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Image</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20741">
              <text>No</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="28">
          <name>URL</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20744">
              <text>https://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&amp;d=RP18960125.1.3&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Topic</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20745">
              <text>Social Change</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="57">
          <name>Times Repeated</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20746">
              <text/>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="5">
          <name>Transcription</name>
          <description>Any written text transcribed from a sound</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20747">
              <text>George D. Stinson, of Pittsburg, and W. H. Grimshaw, of New York, two colored men, have been appointed assistant doorkeepers and are stationed at the entrance to the men's gallery of the House of Representatives.
It is said they are the first colored men ever appointed to a position of this nature at the Capitol, though there have been frequent appointments of colored men in the libraries and in other capacities.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="58">
          <name>Location</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20748">
              <text>Upper Left Quadrant</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20737">
                <text>Copy of ~MASTER ITEM TEMPLATE</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20738">
                <text>&lt;i&gt;Richmond Planet&lt;/i&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20742">
                <text>1896-01-25</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20743">
                <text>For the First Time</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="1673" public="1" featured="1">
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Student Name</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20515">
              <text>Liam Eynan</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="53">
          <name>Summary</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20518">
              <text>C. L. Harris, one of the first black men to serve in a jury, speaks his recollections of 1967 trial of Jefferson Davis, which just so happened to be the first trial involving a jury which included black men.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Item Type</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20519">
              <text>Article</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Image</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20520">
              <text>Yes</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="28">
          <name>URL</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20523">
              <text>https://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&amp;d=RP18960418.1.3&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Topic</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20524">
              <text>Social Change</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="57">
          <name>Times Repeated</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20525">
              <text/>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="5">
          <name>Transcription</name>
          <description>Any written text transcribed from a sound</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20526">
              <text>Newport News, Va., Jan 15, 96.
Mr. John Mitchell, Jr., Editor of Planet.
Dear Sir: I promised to give you an outline of the times and the time I was a member of the grand jury which indicted Mr. Jefferson Davis, the first mixed jury ever empaneled in this country. lt was in May, 1867. The late president of the Confederate States of America obeyed the summons to appear before the Federal court at Richmond. Chief Justice Chase and District Judge Underwood presided at the trial.
His being in court excited many spectators who were anxious to hear the trial. I noticed Mr. Davis leaning on the left side of the bar of the court, on the eastern entrance to the court room. The place was densely packed with some of our best citizens of Richmond and vicinity. A few faces might be seen of the colored, the body being white. What excited the spectators was at the time when the foreman, Mr. Botts, and the rest of the grand jury walked through the western entrance suddenly took their seats in the jury box. I came in the body and about to take my seat near Mr. Botts I looked over the crowd and cast my eyes at Mr. Davis. He looked on me and smiled, then the whole body burst almost in a general laugh. I could but smile, as I was the object of attraction to the lookers on as well as Mr. Davis, being the first black man ever seen on a jury in this country.
Mr. Botts handed the bill of indictment to Mr. Chandler, the District Attorney for the Eastern District of Virginia.
It became my lot to be a member of the grand jury of the U. S., because of a speech delivered in the convention that was held at the Old African Church now known as Rev. 1st Baptist Church. This was the first convention after the war, which organized the republican party. Hon. John Hokshouse of Alexandria was president of said convention.
The number of colored men on the grand jury was six. Dr. Fields Cook, Messrs. John Oliver, George Seaton, Simms, Hon. Rosina Beckley, with your humble servant, Cornelius Liggan Harris. The number of whites on said jury was twelve, viz: Hon. John Minor Botts, foreman, the Hon. John Hoxhouse, Mr. Balvin, of Prince William Co., Va., Mr. Peter Couch, Hon. Joseph Segar, Mr. Umbarger and other gentlemen of distinction whose names I cannot now remember.
One more thing I shall note - the Federal execution required bondsmen influential in the republican party of the north and Mr. Greely being especially named seemed as a matter of justice considered as legal, and no motive from personal regard Mr. Greely and Mr. Garret Smith were bondsmen for Mr. Davis.
I am unable to say how many of my comrades remain to survive with me. I know not, but it is certain the foreman, Hon. John Minor Botts, Hon. Joseph Segar and Mr. George Heaton have gone the way of all the earth. 1 am left to tell what happened.
It will be gratifying to the reader when I say that Mr. Davis was represented by that well known giant mind the Hon. Charles Oconor of New York City. Will I ever forget the polite mode in which he addressed the court? Two hundred thousand dollars (200000) were the required security, it being at hand. Counsel for the defendant promised the court whenever Mr. Davis should be needed he would be forth coming. The requirements being me the court adjourned and the anxious spectators went to their several places of abode.
I, C. L. Harris, was born in Buckingham County, Va., in 1833 Nov 27. I was brought to Richmond at six months of age. My mother's name was Cecelia Harris, formerly Cecelia Liggan. She was the wife of Isaac Harris, as records of the clerk's office of the Hustings Court of the city of Richmond will show.
I lived in Richmond, Va., ever since 1834 until the time of my removal Aug 12, 1890. Since that time I have resided in Newport News. It is proper for me to state in this connection that I married a lady in 1865 by the name Matilda Jane Howell, daughter of Henry Howell of Powhatan County, Va.
We have recently celebrated our fortieth marriage anniversary. We are blessed to be in good health. 
Respectfully yours, C. L Harris</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="58">
          <name>Location</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20527">
              <text>Upper Left Quadrant</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20516">
                <text>april.docx</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20517">
                <text>&lt;i&gt;Richmond Planet&lt;/i&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20521">
                <text>1896-04-18</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20522">
                <text>First Mixed Jury</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="1668" public="1" featured="1">
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Student Name</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20450">
              <text>Liam Eynan</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="53">
          <name>Summary</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20453">
              <text>An early court case about segregation rules that schools must be integrated.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Item Type</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20454">
              <text>Article</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Image</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20455">
              <text>No</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="28">
          <name>URL</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20458">
              <text>https://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&amp;d=RP18960404&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Topic</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20459">
              <text>Social Change</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="57">
          <name>Times Repeated</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20460">
              <text/>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="5">
          <name>Transcription</name>
          <description>Any written text transcribed from a sound</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20461">
              <text>108 Fulton St, New York City.
Alfred C. Cowan, Attorney and Counsellor at Law wins a great victory over his white brother in the New York Supreme Court. The colored citizens of the village of Jamaica have achieved a great victory over the Board of Education of that place, who refused to admit colored children residing in the district to the white schools.
In September 1895, the colored residents and tax-payers in accordance to a notice issued by the Board of Education to the parents of the village of Jamaica to send their children to school, the colored people of the said village obeyed the notice and sent their children to the school nearest to where they lived, but the colored children were not admitted and were sent home and told to go to the colored school which had been set apart for them more than 40 years, but owing to the inferiority of which there has not been a single colored child who has aver graduated from the grammar course.
The colored people employed Counsellor Alfred C. Cowan to take legal steps to see why the colored children should not be permitted and allowed to attend the school in the district where they lived. Counsellor at once proceeded and obtained an order to show cause from the Supreme Court directing the Board of Education to give a reason why the colored people should not be allowed to send their children to the schools in their respective districts.
After a long legal technical procedure, Counsellor Alfred C. Cowan has achieved a great victory, having met his opponent in four contests and defeated him each time; having won the last contest before his honor, Joseph F. Barnard, one of the judges of the Supreme Court secured an able opinion in which he said: "It is merely prejudice which keeps a colored child from the school provided for his white associates. It is a foolish remembrance of the conditions of slavery by which the colored race were held to be inferior to the white race. This prejudice and the remembrance ought to disappear. If the Board of Education of Jamaica will visit Poughkeepsie, they will see how fully the colored child and the white child harmonize and how well the colored child keeps up with the general scholarships, demurrer over-ruled with seventy-two dollars cost."
It will also be remembered that Counsellor T. McCants Stewart had a similar proceeding on behalf of a Miss Frazer, a colored teacher who was refused the right to take charge of a white school, but he was defeated. Miss Frazer was on the eligible list. She was defeated in the legal proceedings, but it was the means of perfecting a compromise whereby one is now teaching.
But, the victory for Counselor Cowan an is one of which every colored person ought to be proud. He has proved that he is in every way capable to handle the most difficult and technical proceedings, also, that he is a true race man, having fought the case almost at his own expense.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="58">
          <name>Location</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20462">
              <text>Upper Left Quadrant</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20451">
                <text>april.docx</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20452">
                <text>&lt;i&gt;Richmond Planet&lt;/i&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20456">
                <text>1896-04-04</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20457">
                <text>Must Admit Them</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="1658" public="1" featured="1">
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Student Name</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20320">
              <text>Liam Eynan</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="53">
          <name>Summary</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20323">
              <text>The Planet summarizes a recent academic paper chronicles black people throughout history.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Item Type</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20324">
              <text>Article</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Image</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20325">
              <text>No</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="28">
          <name>URL</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20328">
              <text>https://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&amp;d=RP18960919.1.1&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Topic</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20329">
              <text>Social Change</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="57">
          <name>Times Repeated</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20330">
              <text/>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="5">
          <name>Transcription</name>
          <description>Any written text transcribed from a sound</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20331">
              <text>The place that the Negro has filled in the world's civilization is a subject that is very entertainingly discussed in the Arena by Prof. Willis Boughton, of Ohio State University. And an important part he filled according to Professor Boughton. All history, he says, is full of traces of the black race. It is now usually recognized as the oldest race of which we have any knowledge. The wanderings of these people since prehistoric history began have not been confined to the African continent. In paleolithic times the black man roamed al will over all the fairer portion of the old world. Europe as well as Asia and Africa acknowledged his sway. No white man had yet appeared to dispute his authority in the vine-clad valleys of France or Germany or upon the classic hills of Greece or Rome. The black man preceded all others and carried Paleolithic culture to its very height. But the history of all lands has been only a record of succeeding races. Old races have often been supplanted by those of inferior culture but of superior energy. More often, however, by fusion of different racial types and by the mingling of various tribes and people, have been evolved new races superior to any of the original types.
The blacks were a fundamental element in the origin not only of the primitive races of southern Europe, but of the civilized races of antiquity as well. History may be said to begin in ancient Egypt, and recede into the past just as far as records and inscriptions lend us light; still in the Nile valley we find a civilization that has drawn from all succeeding ages expressions of wonder and admiration This first example of a civilization was an isolated one; it had evolved right there in that wondrously happy region.
Surely the ancient Egyptians wore a remarkable people; but who were they? The ruling tribes are called Hamites - the "sunburnt" family according to Dr. Winchell; of Negritic origin, says Canon Rawlinson. But back of these ruling Hamites were a "lighted-hearted" people -  "gay," "good-natured," "pleasant," "sportive," "witty," “droll," "amorous” - such are the descriptive terms used in telling the story of those primitive tribes who Dr. Taylor says, lived peaceably in those regions for 2000 years before the advent of Asiatic invaders. Suggestive as they may seem, such terms are truly descriptive of the inhabitants whom we would expect to find in the Nile valley in ancient times. They were probably as purely Negritic as are the great mass of our own Afro Americans.
If the colored Egyptian, beginning at the zero point of culture, could independent evolve a civilization, having had no model, what can we now hope for the American Negro, who has for a model the highest civilization that the world has ever seen and who has already proved himself such an apt scholar? Let no one, then, visit Egypt and view her pyramids, obelisks, her temples, her tombs, her sphinx, and still claim that the blacks have no place in history. They furnish almost the isolated examples of civilization developed without a model, even though other racial factor may have entered into that civilization.
When the Hamites and their kindred were at the height of their power, their influence extended to far greater limits than is ordinarily supposed. They pressed toward the continent of Europe; they entered and took possession of the land.
The Hellenes were the Aryans first to be brought into contact with these sunburnt Hamites, who, let it be remembered, though classed as white, were probably as strongly Negritic as are the Afro-Americans. These Hellenes were savages or barbarian. But Aryan strength and energy was thus brought into contact with Hamitic Culture. Then occurred the great struggle of centuries for social equality between the blond Aryan and the Pelasgian, the dark child of the soil. Greece thus had her race social question to settle, and it was settled by fusion. Had it not been for that mixture of dark blood in the Greek composition, that race of poets, artists and philosophers would never have existed.
"The Iberians," says Dr. Winchell "entered by the Pillars of Hercules. They came from northern Africa at time when the Hamitic Berbers were gaining possession. They overran the Spanish peninsula, founded cities, built a navy, carried on commerce, extended their empire over Italy, as Sicanes, when Rome was founded, long before the sack of Troy, and from Italy passed into Sicily.
The Pelasgic empire was at its meridian in early as 2500 B. C. This people came from the islands of the Aegean, and more remotely from Asia Minor. They were originally a branch of the sunburnt Hamitic stock, that laid the basis of civilization in Canaan and Mesopotamia, destined later to be Semitized. Rome itself was Pelasgian from the 14th century to 428 B. C. But in Italy and Greece the Hamitic stock was displaced and absorbed by Aryan, as in Asia it had been by Semitic.
Rome, even, had her race social problem. There was also a struggle between the white and dark races. The oppressed Plebeians finally seceded to the Sacred Mount until their wrongs were in a measure redressed. Intermarriage, or fusion, at last settled the question. Such, too, is the story that Spanish ethnology tells. "Clearly there does not exist in Europe a nation of tolerably pure ethnic character, nor do national boundaries mark the limits of such ethnic strain, as remain discoverable. The figment of a German nationality or a French, in any ethnic sense, is as baseless as that of an Austrian, a British, or an American."
Those drops of black blood were just as necessary to produce the ethnic character of the Spaniard or Roman as were the white and generations probably passed away before it was noticeable as to which element predominated. Still it would be considered the height of discourtesy sneeringly to inquire, "what makes the Greek, the Italian or the Spaniard dark in color?''
It is fitting that we recognize, however, how great a factor the Negro has been in the history making of the world.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="58">
          <name>Location</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20332">
              <text>Upper Left Quadrant</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20321">
                <text>Sept.docx</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20322">
                <text>&lt;i&gt;Richmond Planet&lt;/i&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20326">
                <text>1896-09-19</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20327">
                <text>The Negro in History</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="1652" public="1" featured="1">
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Student Name</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20242">
              <text>Liam Eynan</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="53">
          <name>Summary</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20245">
              <text>A quick statement declaring that reformatories be created for the black community and for girls, as currently white males would be ‘reformed’ and other demographics placed in prison.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Item Type</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20246">
              <text>Article</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Image</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20247">
              <text>No</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="28">
          <name>URL</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20250">
              <text>https://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&amp;d=RP18960829.1.2&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Topic</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20251">
              <text>Social Change</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="57">
          <name>Times Repeated</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20252">
              <text/>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="5">
          <name>Transcription</name>
          <description>Any written text transcribed from a sound</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20253">
              <text>It is highly essential that some place be provided for the young boys and girls now roaming our streets and engaging in all kinds of mischief.
As at present arranged, white boys go to the reformatory and colored boys to jail. There is no justice in this. All are the creatures of the commonwealth, and all should be provided for. Virginia is making criminals faster than she is punishing them and it is necessary that steps be taken to prepare a place, not only for the boys, but the girls as well.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="58">
          <name>Location</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="20254">
              <text>Upper Left Quadrant</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20243">
                <text>august.docx</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20244">
                <text>&lt;i&gt;Richmond Planet&lt;/i&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20248">
                <text>1896-08-29</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="20249">
                <text>It is highly essential that some place be provided for the young boys and girls now roaming our streets and engaging in all kinds of mischief.</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
  <item itemId="1627" public="1" featured="1">
    <itemType itemTypeId="1">
      <name>Text</name>
      <description>A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.</description>
      <elementContainer>
        <element elementId="52">
          <name>Student Name</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19917">
              <text>Cali Hughes</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="53">
          <name>Summary</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19920">
              <text>An African American officer speaks out in favor of his race.</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="54">
          <name>Item Type</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19921">
              <text>Article</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="55">
          <name>Image</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19922">
              <text>No</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="28">
          <name>URL</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19925">
              <text>https://virginiachronicle.com/cgi-bin/virginia?a=d&amp;d=RP18980903&amp;e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="56">
          <name>Topic</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19926">
              <text>Social Change</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="57">
          <name>Times Repeated</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19927">
              <text>1</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="5">
          <name>Transcription</name>
          <description>Any written text transcribed from a sound</description>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19928">
              <text>The Cleveland, O., Gazette calls up on the Afro-American press of the country to demand that those of the race holding high office under the government at Washington shall insist that Afro-Americans be protected in life and property.

It declares that Hon. John M. Townsend, now pastor of Allen Temple at Cincinnati, O., is the only man who while in office had the manhood to speak out in behalf of his people.

We think the suggestion is a good one, but the average office-holder, comfortably seared in his big arm chair, will ask, where is Rev. Dr. Townsend and where is the Hon. H. C Smith? Both are uncompromising race-advocates, and both have been ignominiously side-tracked, so far as public office is concerned.

The fact remains that the leader who places race first, will rarely, if ever secure the recognition to which he is entitled. He must draw his support directly from the pockets of the people whom he serves.

The most remarkable Afro-American specimen in the political arena was the late Hon. N. Wright Cuney, and we have no recollection of his having made any such demand upon the administration while he held office.

Col. W. A. Pledger of Georgia measures up nearer to the ideal set by the Gazette, and where is Col. Pledger?

A reference to Hon. T. Thomas Fortune is evidently out of place. He ‘fits the bill’ so to speak, or would do so were he holding an office, but where is editor Fortune?

We make these remarks to show that men of the “strips and caliber” referred to by our esteemed contemporary, rarely, if ever “break by” the “dead-lines” set by the politicians.

The astute, observant, policy-shaping, irresponsive, cool calculating colored politician, with a little money, and much reputation gets there.”

But the leaders of the Fortune type, must have their labor for their pains and fill a grave bedecked with laurels and watered with the tears of a truly appreciative people.

Here lies their glory, here is found their reward.

Nothing more, sometimes les. Selah. </text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
        <element elementId="58">
          <name>Location</name>
          <description/>
          <elementTextContainer>
            <elementText elementTextId="19929">
              <text>Upper Left Quadrant</text>
            </elementText>
          </elementTextContainer>
        </element>
      </elementContainer>
    </itemType>
    <elementSetContainer>
      <elementSet elementSetId="1">
        <name>Dublin Core</name>
        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="19918">
                <text>The Office-Holder and his Race Love</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="48">
            <name>Source</name>
            <description>A related resource from which the described resource is derived</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="19919">
                <text>&lt;i&gt;Richmond Planet&lt;/i&gt;</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="40">
            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="19923">
                <text>1898-09-03</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="19924">
                <text>The Office-Holder and his Race Love</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
